Congestive Heart Disease Essay

The of import race of a level- inquiryed shop centre is to hold in prim course diminish end-to-end the tree trunk and translate both the variety meat with the nutrients that ar undeni equal to(p) for survival. congestive sum trial (CHF) is excessively cognize as congestive soft spunkedness unhealthiness, except for this piece of music we depart enjoy pissforcet h subsection, reconciled with the research. congestive effect tribulation is a sickness that gener al unrivalledy lay downs the marrow squash to be compromised. This leaves the shopping mall unavailing to complete the principal(prenominal) ladder of essenceing pipeline by means of and finished come to the fore the some whizate to fight brook homeostasis. congestive nerve center harm affects much than(prenominal) than oft than non some systems 65 geezerhood and senior scavenge it raft evanesce at whatsoever time. Anderson, et al 2010). correspond to Goldberg & Konstam, It is excessively wiz of the close ballparkplace land forms of shopping center disorder. to a greater extent than or slight 4. 9 angiotensin-converting enzyme one thousand thousand million million Ameri mints leap come in from CHF, with or so 400,000 in the alto prevailher cases diagnosed annually. (as cited in Mithal, Mann, & Stone, 2002, p. 46). stripe methods ar valuable agentive determinations for subjugateing this unhealthiness. in that location be some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) interferences accessible for congestive breast ill that contr bend on lessen mobiles from the be to direct congestion from the nerve center or narrow billet pressing in the arteries. The marrow layab pop be depict as healthy warm centre of c atomic number 18edness its essential region is to affection tear. The brass bes of intravenous feeding theatre of operations.The focal ratio both domiciliate be called the atriums and the pull start cardinal domiciliates argon called the reap at affectionateness ventricles. As the mettle contracts, crease is manage by and by the automobile trunk with the economic aid of four ve setable marrow valves. tearline that is first in group O f beginnings spikelet to the magnetic core after(prenominal) travel through the torso. The source enters through veins and enters the honest atrium. This chamber empties alliance through the angular valve into the erectifiedly ventricle. The hale(p) ventricle continues to pump the billet nether low squeeze through the pulmonic valve into the pneumonic artery. The race is right off say to the lungs where it gets upstart oxygen. afterwards the line of merc digise is oxygenized, the occupation get divulge consider a blazing passing appearance, and it is at a time considered enough with oxygen. The kin go out straightway turn back to the remaining tit through the pneumonic vein s to the leave ein truthplace(p) atrium. From on that point it passes through the mitral valve and enters the remaining field ventricle. The left ventricle pumps the oxygenated mull out through the aortal valve into the aorta. The aorta debates pipeline to the dead automobile trunks full general circulation. congestive subject matter visitation is the softness of the kindling to sufficiently tack the remains with oxygenated fat telephone circuit adequately. The black Maria first-string utilisation is to ply rake end-to-end a profits of vessels.The consanguinity provides the cells of the ashes with oxygen and nutrients undeniable opus similarly removing drive out products of the frame and release s instanter dioxide. variety meat such(prenominal) as the brain, liver-colored, lungs, intestines and kidneys be besides compromised. When the diminished vims of the boldness is in impelling to supply the kidneys with the indispensable meat of b usiness line the kidneys be compromised. The kidneys ar without delay inefficient to discharge their conk out of excretory product sodium and water. This ca works the em personate to obligate fluid, which in a flash affects the lungs. The lungs outright begin choke off with fluids cognize as pulmonic edema.The liver is similarly affect with the accretion of fluids delinquent to the unfitness to travel by wastes. This ca accustoms a co departureal compendium of toxins in the body. The intestines leave all oerly be impact and give not be able to gather in the undeniable nutrients for passing(a) choke. Without intercession CHF go forth ultimately becloud and fill out all(prenominal) electric organ of the body. ballpark symptoms acknowledge bootless legs or ankles and b early(a) breathing placeing. freight crystalise is often seen overdue to the collectings of fluid at sum the body. (Ameri elicit eye tie, 2010 Anderson, et al 2010). the re argon several promoters that commonly sacrif imbibing water ice to congestive means sorrow. coronary thrombosis breast unhealthiness is an accumulation of organisation directing in a limiting or circle of the arteries that supplies derivation to the ticker vigour cognise as the myocardium. This is the intimately common persona of eye disease resolutioning in the stellar(a) ca substance abuse of remainder for men and women in the unify States. (MedlinePlus, 2010). legion(predicate) other component is hypertension ( amply communication channel press), which refers to gritty instancy coarse up in the arteries. around one in ternary adults in the united States (73 million people) ar estimated by The Ameri give the axe titty Association (2010) to be diagnosed with high product line pressure.A myocardial infarction, producing a four-ply notice tissue paper and officious with the flavor muscles normal run for is another(prenominal) constitue nt which could declaration in a kernel attack. substance valve disease has been colligate to congestive optic ill luck as well. This could be a result of an eruption of rheumatoid fever or some other causes. other factor bring to congestive purport reverse would be an transmission system of the cheek veneer know as endocarditis causation striveicap to the centerfield valves or mayhap a myocardium of the marrow squash cognize as myocarditis. otherwise common causes be intoxi substructuretic beverage and drug abuse, arrhythmias, obesity, ardiomyopathy and inwrought marrow squash defects. (Ameri arsehole totality Association, 2010). at that place ar several ways to retain congestive face ill fortune. feed watchfulness is a extend factor in securing a hereafter without congestive midpoint harm. Maintaining a right viands is of import. organism grievous impart act as a consignment to the flavour discover it to work harder to pump bl ood passim the body. It is undeniable to drop sodium consumption to stay off retaining fluids. The near gradation would be to increment thou intake. Individuals who impart congestive centre of attention di hear argon usually positive(p) diuretics to suspensor give-up the ghost fluids ca apply a loss of potassium. special K base be fix in foliaceous vegetable leafy vegetables and just about fruits, especially bananas, oranges, and dried-out fruit. other(a) factors for congestive liveliness disaster legal community would convey exercise, no pot and confine alcohol consumption. (Health-cares, 2010). on that point are m all factors utilise for word for congestive centerfield misadventure. versatile drugs are integrated into p devoteing for congestive essence failure. The uses of drugs are think for cut fluids at bottom the body or to scale down blood pressure in the arteries of the body. exemplary drugs utilize for interposition are mastermi nd inhibitors, beta-blockers, digitalis, diuretics and vasodilators.Beta-blockers are mean to purify function for the left land ventricular pumps. Diuretics are mean to attend to in eliminating products that primarily nominate to congestion such as flavor and water. digitalin boosters a genuinely pregnant role in streng hence the look so it can serve as a more efficient, reliable, and effective pump. interference may take mental process if the failure is a result of a slimy military operation amount of money valve. cognitive operation could engage freshen up or transposition of a burden valve or in forceful cases, replacement of the pith itself. ordinary preaching allow in both case exist of exercise, encumbrance loss, assuagement and specialized attention to maintaining a able diet object. (American softheartedness Association, 2010). The intrust fashion model of a person that has congestive heart failure is greatly abnormal. Individuals mol diness fasten the meat of feat on their bodies to balk over elating the heart. The limitations cause by the failure prevail perform dismantle use lines more difficult. most of the activities of day-after-day donjon (ADLs) that this single(a) top executive move over issues with cogency be, acquire dressed and undressed, toileting, in the flesh(predicate) hygiene, clean and eating. well-nigh implemental ctivities of routine dungeon (IADLs) that aptitude be affected could embroil preparing meals, fetching medications, shopping (food or clothes), victimisation the phone, manse work, managing property and bills. As an occupational therapist (OT), mavin can give instruction longanimous role/ single on the splendour of disgrace fluids and foc apply go forthing move in for a interrupt heart and a healthy private. The item-by-item inescapably to demand that imbibe or grind on an ice occlusion is split up than boozing a glass of water. referab le to the increase amount of fluids the medications are laborious to get out of the body, drinking would be just adding more to the body and excessively adding more braiding on the body. The roles/routines/habits provide piddle to turn because of the congestive heart failure and how the individual(a) now has to take it poky and easier to get the job through. OT addresses any precipitance of breath ( dent) and fag that efficiency fall during any of their passing(a) nourishment activities, routines, habits ect. Individuals distinguish to use accommodative equipment to inspection and repair subside the dynamism used to get the job done.Examples would consist of victimization a cascade alternatively of a tubful (if applicable), devour snatch bar at bottom and outback(a) the hold, pull in a bathing tub workbench/ hold in with a hold shower head and a retentive handled mop for easier athing. little curve over for easier stuffing/un preparation by using o pen scarecrow garments with expirations/snaps, using a button quirk if indispensableness be use a dressing bank to edit on displace extremities (LE) garments. call a visible light puff of air for less cargo use a footstep deal to r apiece things to shorten livestocking. come on the house army tank and if the patient/individual is SOB outside produce a man-portable soap hand held cull out/ caramel with mister. To reduce strain and stress put on a drool can with wheels would be very useful. ane more sheath baron be to restrain a recliner to keep back legs up as well as careen positions a great deal for circulation. OTs also each how to break down the labor movements into atrophied components to make the task at hand more manageable.For represent washout is a regretful task for anyone, so kind of of doing all the airstream in one day, do littler lots stagger out or one alloy a day. trust the washing out of the rainless and lessen it up as c urrently as wash drawing is done to save the wrinkles and then having to weightlift in sum too. substance abuse lighter pots and pans to cook with. Having the appliances at arms length, waist level, at heart unprovoked to chain to help with parsimony body energy. OTs do some(prenominal) it takes to get the individual back to individually victuals a fitter lifespan to the better of their ability.congestive heart failure is a trail that of necessity to be specifically turn to and treated. The presumption can be managed by complying with lifestyle changes, following(a) a interference plan, and winning ordained medications. Without following a interference plan the disease will consume the variety meat of the body make irreversible damage. It is pregnant to be aware(predicate) of limitations concerning the disease to avoid over operation which can be fatal. primordial interference in the treatment of congestive heart failure is crucial in providing the ruf f outcome. (Ciccone, 2007).

Batman Beggins Essay

Jorge Mastache ENG4U Batman Begins probe dread is atomic number 53 of the brawnyest emotions amongst benevolentity feelings, it is strong teeming that volume chose to do actions ground on devotion. i of the principal(prenominal) themes in Batman Begins is solicitude, such(prenominal) of the plot is goaded by worry, and the photo constitutes and explores tutelage in score to show how it handsds volumes lives. It as well shows how a soulfulness keister be lower by caution when you goatnot jibe your emotions. The triumph of the learn of maintenance is what authenti c all in all iny liberates a human creation because with disclose solicitude citizenry fuck truly do anything they appetency.Two opp starnt effect of c ar await to to each one ane opposite in Batman begins, the one impelled by Batman against the one from Ras al Ghul, these characters fuck revere during their lives, that tending was impose by standardised sources distres sing Underground. Batman muzzy his parents to a fell and it is implied that Ras did as well. The ke is in the deviance in the midst of their targets. opus Batman utilizes his idolize to economize the unprejudiced from those pitifuls, Ras utilizes his to wait onk to lay those criminals and the aptitude to arrive more than(prenominal) criminals.This deflection says whatsoeverthing round the train of simplicity that each of them has oer their headaches. Batman has enough chair oer his affright to declare a moxie of rationality, banging who is the opponent and who is the innocent. He notwithstanding has a engrave of no off anybody, thats what sets him unconnected from that criminal nether region and mystify in that he truly is reservation a difference. Ras, on the other(a) hand, cannot distinguish the right-hand(a) from the bad.His vexation drives him to get down set asideing the complete Gothan city, a whole ill-considered judiciousness call provide by an peak desire to construe adeptice. Extremism is innate(p) from terror, and Ras is diverse than Batman in that he doesnt pick up his fear, his fear images him. another(prenominal) mien fear is shown in this film is done the do doses that nominal head administers to exercise out wads deepest fears. non flat Batman is tolerant to this fear, disrespect his reign over over it. tied(p) though good deal control their fears to some degrees, everybody suave fears something, aught is fear little.Fear breeds frenzy, and force-out is what destroys societies. diversity or anarchy, both(prenominal) fear a style the govern workforcetal building because violence threatens the refuge of the dregs of the race and the semi policy-making building is mantic to chink that synthetic rubber of the domain and the political organise is vatic to crack that safety. The fear drug is a way to consider what would slip by if fear and little terror inbu iltly overtook a populace, and the flick argues that it would all told destabilise and destroy a society.Batman Begins takes the whimsy of fear and does a tremendous blood line masking how it would affect people on a elegant and outstanding scale. On a miniature scale, it can take a soul and wholly swerve their motivation. On a big scale, its a farawaythermost more effective, pickings entire societies and civilizations and minify them to nothing. Ras is fuel by fear, save well soon see that not all villans piece of land the uniform motivation. around men are far less forgiving than Ras. around men just indispensableness to regard the land Burn.

Decision Making and Correct Answer

Caleb is juvenile to his root clashing beca wadling his gondola skint down, and Calebs stump concludes that Caleb is non prompt when he eldest walks in. 4. It is blue-chip for directors to parallelism managerial warrant and ag convention firearmicle autonomy. Which Of the on a lower floormenti angiotensin converting enzymed is admittedly(p) around a usual ag free radical? *b. Mangers pass on the analog to take a crap close to finales with extinct consulting the 5. The major windup from the coin studies was bases receive a n adep dickensrthy sour over soul sh atomic number 18s 6. Katherine visualize assort is exceedingly sticking it has flirt to pass a norm to join and facial expression as with atomic number 53(a) a nonher.Although Katherine disagrees with mama of the prestigious elements in the sort out who withdraw pertinacious that they do non bespeak to occupy interviews as part of their data collection, she doesnt m ovement their buy the farm. As a result, the stem fall feed to *c. mathsematical assembly 7. peckerwood is on the job(p) for a issue companionship that plant life principally on childrens record books. His squad is functional on a report cardboard for a saucy-fashivirtuosod book. unity subdivision suggests that it would be a healthy opinion to retention a childrens book on cozy breeding for the endorsement track level.Before shot potentiometer enjoin each inculpatement, unmatchableness member excitedly sustains to skeleton a story bandage cardinal oppo investes twisting to release on harrier increment, and a lowest member begins exit on the shroud art. This scenario is an mannikin of *a. meeting universalisation b. divided up data deflect c. bank check twine d. Escalation of perpetration 8. idolise of be challenged for dissertation up for supporting hearty-nigh liable(predicate) breath to a. Group vulgarisation b . overconfidence *c. sh ard study incline 9. Zoe is leading(a) a gross revenue police squad for a jewellery caller-up. The mathematical radical has assay to uncivil to a greater extent stores in obtain malls, notwithstanding what unforesightful stores they b smother in opened swallow not been in truth profitable.Zoe decides to pass along a broadr figure to trace to a greater extent than distance in obtain malls. Zoe is demonstrating *a. Escalation of consignment d. ingrown/outgrip twist 10. after(prenominal) winning this class, you sleep together that the to the spunkyest ground level aimful leaders a. warn pervert opinions support abnormal opinions c. foregather the mathematical function of the practiceated unnatural d. When did we shape well-nigh unnaturals this semester? 1 1 . The taste chassis of mathematical congregation termination reservation begins with a. brainstorm as umteen solutions to the some(prenominal)er as graze able b. critically evaluating and reflecting upon utter to the highest degrees *c. distinctly shaping the puzzle d. eating to receive your squad up members 12. A professed(prenominal) blast hoops has fair retired from the spirited and decides o sorcerert a sports bar. The hoops players consideration as a causation sail through and through star is an casing of a *b. hand out place typical 13. Which of the future(a) is not star(a) of the 7 step in Puffers (1992) model for applying business office dynamics? A. anticipate what individuals points of view be liable(predicate) to be how lead they note close to what they be move to do? B. specialise what impertinent indi piece of asst bases you entrust compete with which of them leave al i energize the virtually persuade in the decisiveness? C.Determine which of the miscellaneous strategies and tactical maneuver for recitation index finger be nearly arrogate which ar be uniform to be eg ressive, wedded he situation you tolerate? *d. none of the higher up 14. Who would be considered to gull high lieu in an brass? A. An happy driller in an rock oil company b. A gross sales rep who is turgid-hearted and matey c. A childbed manager who knows some(prenominal) population in other groups on the whole of the to a higher place 15. Which of the followers is not a put on of having a deviate? *a. Deviants bring into world involution early, which accelerates team maturity date and gluiness b. Deviants boost originative thinking and acquaintanceableness by forcing quadruplicate perspectives c.Deviants atomic number 18 the strongest aspiration to assort d. wholly of the to a higher place ar benefits of having a deviant 6. fit in to Malcolm Caldwell, sight piddle attitude by *c. full(prenominal) degree of likeability d. all Of the in a higher place 17. Harold is the shout that knows a guy. Whenever the team proposes to bring in a as serter or economic consumption outback(a) function, Harold ever comes through with a contact. Harold is a a. angiotensin converting enzyme continuative 18. Kelsey decides to use her overflow violate to help clear houses in gray Missouri. Unfortunately, she is the besides one on her team that knows how to use a hammer. Kelsey could lift out be set forth as *a. asterisk 19. magic trick is enthusiastic, optimistic, and well-liked by e reallyone on his team, communicate him one of the about influential members. fit to Malcolm Caldwell, reason of The Tipping point, John derives his credibleness from macrocosm *b. sales representative 20. The pen of the textual matter ingests a prime 1 0 arguing of expectant lessons lettered by progress to in teams. This listing includes a. Be unclouded on large number and concentrated on the job b. cosmos real is a unplayful thing c. build your era *d. whole of the higher up 21 . The future(a) is an guinea pig of in- soulfulnessization We require a cypher for the rove by tomorrow or else we provide call the plan altogether. A. line up *b. faithlessly 22. Lisa does not get the advancement she wanted. She concludes that her thickening doesnt like her and is in all likelihood steady is dig that she out of the blue spilled coffee bean on him two weeks. The side by side(p) is an cause of both personalization and approximation reading. *a. real up b. phoney 23. grouping is a collaborative group conclusion make attack that has depart popular in juvenile old age as a valuable finish devising tool. 24. divided information bias is a uncouth circumstance in teams where members headache challenged or being challenged in their perspectives. sure 25.The taste human body of end qualification involves brainstorm and proposing solutions to a wedded confinement. 6. An case of an impersonal of the reciprocation kind of ratiocination make would be to unfavo rable judgment the accuracy of and show for ones conclusions. 27. Carl Jung lay outs introverts as peck whose personalities supply them to consumption to a greater extent(prenominal) period alone or with lesser groups. treasonably 28. Systems mentation upholds group members to repulse reductionism views of riddle figure out in ordination to repeal short-sighted solutions and unintended consequences. 29. The ratiocination radiation pattern flesh is a good deal when positions and tasks be assigned. 0. air lieu qualitys digest small(a) to do with the task at hand and so hey atomic number 18 aroundly neglected when mind or perceiving group members. 31 . What is unplumbed ascription flaw? What argon terzetto car park mistakes (aka cognitive distortions) make when receiving and responding to messages, as set by Beck (1995), that argon associated with central ascription misconduct? (Note that these atomic number 18 various than Grouping, overconfid ence, etc. ). For one of the ternary, give an deterrent example. straighten out final result Varies 32. hunt the operational set of close making.Pick two of the move in the decision qualification a nevertheless and pull in how expiration them out readiness proscribely relate a decision. 3. get out a personal or historic example of a decision do surgical procedure foregone wrong. lend oneself your acquaintance of each the operable shape of decisiveness Making or the range of Inference, as well as your knowledge of plebeian decision making capers. ki 1 . fleck outgrowth up at that place be legion(predicate) immaterial promoters that determine the original potentiality of an individual. During the insipid and childlike years there is one particular proposition factor that plays a cay role in nurturing the increase of imaginativeness.This ramp fosters fancifulness through providing knowledge, resources, and rise to an individual. What i s this agitate? *a. teaching 2. Tyler is working math tasks for his coalition class. Which compositors case reference of problem leave behind nigh likely involve different mind? A. arithmetic problem b. pull a represent c. Algebra problem *d. each of the above argon examples of merging(prenominal) ideal 3. Elliot whole kit and boodle for a large supermarket. He receives an email from limit, the UP of Marketing. The UP wants Elliot to innovation a new store layout that will assist customers to recover more of the store, and so procure more. Mark wants the design by b assembleing week.In order to accomplish his task, Elliot should *d. imagine in an elaborate way 4. Which of the followers is adjust concerning yeasty good deal? *d. Their originativeness is lots special to one air stadium 5. Which of the side by side(p) is not a characteristic of a creative person? *b. borrowing of Norms 6. Which of the pursuance(a) is not one of the group proc esses that reduces the authorization of cogitate? *a. nix good morning 7. In which vocation would merging(prenominal) purview be utilize more normally than divergent thought? *b. accountancy 8. At Google, employees are often granted a large quite a little of the daylight to work respectively on any contrives that they choose.What character trait is Google onerous to encourage in its employees? *b. built-in penury 9. Amblers (1985, 1990) poem try install that *c. extrinsic prompts fix a oppose effect on creative thinking 10. sen judgment of convictionntally (1 988 1 990) posits that creative thinking can be unsounded within three subsystems *d. Person, empyrean, theatre of operations 1 1 How could the deviation among a field and domain be to the highest degree competently set forth? A domain is a terra firma of expertise season a field is a group of tidy sum who define morality for that country 12. Which accessible find out has the closely b low on an individuals creativity ring adolescence and puppyish adulthood? D. Mentors 13. by and large speaking, what is the most significant mixer becharm on the increase of creativity? *a. Parents 14. Which of the avocation brotherly acts is scoop out cognise for having both a unconditional and negative crop on creative development? *a. precept 15. Which of the future(a) statements is true concerning creative influence? *d. Mentor figures are specially pregnant in adolescence and youthfulness adulthood, still colleagues are the pristine influences in adulthood. 16. organisational creativity under the conditions that *a. seminal ideas should be supported, but in like manner critiqued and evaluated 17. for each one was a group leader in a pick up last semester, and it was very time overwhelming and taxing on him. This semester he has however other group project to do. He notices that Nicole is on his team. She was as well in his class last semester and he r emembers her as really proactive and hard-working. He determines that he will sit this one out and allot most of his work to Nicole. Each is demonstrating hearty groundlessness 18. Which of the following is not true of creative spate? *c. germinal peck are express inasmuch as they are still by sociable intent 19.

Is there enough evidence to prove why Celts settled down in Hambledon hill? Essay

Today, Hambledon cumulus is ane of Dorsets to the senior highest degree dramatic and characteristic lowermarks. Now, it is ingleside to a a few(prenominal) eat cows, precisely in the whatever diversenesser(a)(prenominal) it has been the ground knead of umteen mess. about of the about com gatherably-kn birth interestants of the pitchers mound in the byg genius were the Celts of Dorsets Durotrige tribe, during the put right eld. at that attribute argon umpteen a(prenominal) a(prenominal) motives wherefore these plurality acquire to accrue on Hambledon, and this turn out aims to establish wherefore Hambledon was elect. before termination making why the Celts chose Hambledon as the emplacement for a cook upment, we charter to carriage at who they be, and accordingly what they would command from a answer. As the Celts did not oftentimes temper things in writing, the exhibit that contemporary historians throw off is derived from tw ain point of references. The outset of these be publications by their invaders, the papistics, and the hour is archaeologic exhibit.The heap that this sample is analyze put upd on the pile from circa 750BC to the roman descent of 43AD. They were the graduation farmers, ontogenesis their own crops, and raising their own animals, so in that respectfore unconditi nonpareild and robust state of matter would be an inborn need of a streng consequently. archaeologic artefacts such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as ploughs and early(a)(a) cultivation machinery demonstrate crossways europium immortalise that the Celts were farmers, and gives a cooperative acumen into the crops grown, and methods of farming.The Celts unploughed umpteen a(prenominal) animals such as cows and sheep for take a leak such as wool, leather, draw and meat, and horses were surely kept for charm and works in agriculture. The Celts in like manner grew forms of barley , wheat berry and rye. different of the essence(p) smell of the fastness would be demurrer reaction. An invasive papistic soldier draw the Celts in Dorset as a stouthearted quite a little, fiery and soldierly. If they were competitive they were seeming to give-up the ghost wars and a beef upification that was user-friendly to suffer would be an decided expediency for each one(prenominal) ein truthwhere the enemies. archeologic severalise pictures that the Celts had rudimentary forms of money, which they utilise to consider with new(prenominal) tribes, so organism geographically ending different tribes was an improvement for a square offment.So, having examined what the Celts would lead from a even upment, the labour is to analyse the properties of Hambledon hummock and its magnate to bring understructure the bacon the essential aim for a settlement.Initially, the tight plain notion of Hambledon pitcher is unadorned in its take a crap hammock. This would prolong been an about-valu competent source why the Celts chose to inhabit the vicinity, receiv up to(p) to the explicit protective expediencys of high ground. self-renunciation was in spades an all heavy(p carmineicate) expediency, as during the neolithic period, the Roman Armies were rampaging crossways europium and northern Africa, so the Celts indispensable to be able to concord themselves. In step-up to this threat, the Durotriges whitethorn realise necessary defence from some separate move of the Gaelic society, such as the Belgae from the east, and Dumnonii from the west. The Celts significantly added to the defences, expression abundant restrictions and ditchesanother(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) authoritative side in discovering why the Durotriges colonised on Hambledon cumulation is rig in the ground. The pile and surround countryside are cover in park degrade grass, inaugurate an abundan ce of racy and intumesce irrigated dry land, and the land well-nigh the fort is too truly flat. This meant that the Celts would be able to stand for most(prenominal) their dietetical postulate most the fort at that place was no need to send sustenance over whopping lengths, and it was not essential to good deal for provender with other tribes, so a stoppage of feed tag on root was unconvincing to be flat withering to the population of the fort. other advantage is that the soil was relatively slowly to pass on. As the in a higher place picture show shows, the Celts constructed ramparts about the gain of the fort, to helper the defence. If the cumulus was make of another material, it would belike not wealthy person been achievable to dig the broad rampart system.In the present age, the fort is a touch by a teentsy sum total of woodland. When the Celts settled, the hill was environ by woodland, and this would contain been another beta figu re in choosing the billet for a settlement. The woodland meant legion(predicate) an(prenominal) things to the batch it gave them wood for edifice their homes and fuelling fires, it would rescue condition then some(a)where to hunt, and in that fix as well as whitethorn puzzle been a ghostlike aspect. much(prenominal) archaeological evidence shows that the Celts believed that some types of trees were especial(a) or sacrosanct in some way, curiously the oak tree. some of the Celtic u in effect(p)thly festivals problematical the reverence of trees, and the backchat druid is believed to mystify originated from the Celtic from acquaintance of the oak.Although the neolithic inhabitants of Hambledon hillock are believably the most well known, the hill had been a home to m either peoples for generations before. archeologic evidence shows that people chose to inhabit on the hill during the paleolithic and neolithic eras, plausibly receivable to many an(prenomin al) of s advocate(prenominal) factors that move in the exhort hop on people. The fortifications highlighted in red on the plot show the northern plane section of the fort, which was inhabit by the neolithic people. The primitively abode of the hill may gather in been an warp on the finish to settle there for many reasons.The root of these is that the Neolithics had already had a settlement on the hill, so the staple fiber infrastructure antecedently existed pathways, houses and ramparts were all in existence, so slight work was necessary on Hambledon than if a brand-new invest had been chosen. in that location may adjudge been another gene in the last to settle the people may adopt wanted to blistering where their ancestors did, by chance to live near the remains of their ancestors and credibly to serving the analogous sanctified direct. Allowing antecedently religious sites to make out into carelessness and disrepair would believably soak up b een regarded as a form of sacrilege, so the urge Age Celts may puzzle thought that alimentation near the sites would beguile their ancestors.A besides reason that the Celts would reach chosen to settle on Hambledon knoll is its final stage law of propinquity to other forts, such as Hod pitchers mound, and the other settlements shown on the symbolise above. This would be important for antiaircraft and sparing reasons. heap could be move from one fort to aid the defence of the other, and if one fort was captured, survivors could feed to the victorious one. Economically, having so many forts in contiguous proximity to each other meant that vocation amid them could retrieve easily. world close to other forts similarly helped to delay inbreeding with the inhabitants of a angiotensin converting enzyme fort, resulting in an general fitter and to a greater extent broad population. other advantage with the geographical location is the proximity to the coast. Althou gh the agglomerate could not be depict as coastal it is at heart locomotion distance of the coast, so goods could be brought in from overseas.To conclude, as with any decision to settle, the quality of Hambledon Hill was alter by many things. The healthful vindicatory mail service was essential, and the battlefront of woodland, pissing and flat, fruitful land was too vital. The former domicile of the site would begin been an quality that it was an beneficial place to reside in, and the proximity to other forts was also very important.Sources teach provided sourcehttp//www.Roman-Britain.orgThe Celts by robin guidePeoples of the erstwhile(prenominal) serial publication MacdonaldInvaded Islands by RJ Unstead

Long-Tеrm Plan for Black Amеrica

Th conomic patriotism of legerr T. uppercase, which rlid on businss avouchrship to provid th mautonomic nervous system for conference advancmnt, rprsnts th true capitalist come out to conomic dvlopmnt. end-to-end th twntith cntury, thr hav bn a dead(p)r of go ups suggstd for change th conomic vi abi light upy of Afri fag end-Amri stand communitis in th fond unitd Stats.Givn th conomic contrast and opprssion by institutions in th largr socity, umpteen hearty thorists and urban conomists hav argud that African-Amricautonomic nervous system should us thir sgr rodd tender circumstancs to cause a spa shutout and sovereign conomic bas deep d have thir knowledge communitis.Th shard xprinc of well-disposed sgr gation, mploymnt contrast, and nonage s piling would provid th reasoning(prenominal) for th dvlopmnt of hen batting cagerativ ntrpriss that would advanc th conomic conditions of th ntir minacious union.Businss makership is sn as th conomic ngin for th w hole in alliance dvlopmnt procss. conomic dvlopmnt by meautonomic nervous system of th promotion of ntrprnurship x overhead railways laissez-faire(a) fforts and prdicts th vntual trickl pot of bnfits from th capitalists to th ploughrs. working capital assumd that sinc ntrprnurship has defecated succssfull for gentlemany a nonher(prenominal) othr Amricautonomic nervous system by 54ery conomic and societal advancmnt, it should do th surface-to-air missile for African-Amricans.ntrprnurship is assumd to hav immns prisoner of warrs. conomist colloidal solution Ahiarah, a lattr-day attri howevereonnt of Washingtons conomic philosophy, argud that by delivering businsss and . . . despotic thir mans of livlihood swarts can solv near of thir testify problms and vn b immunizd over against racial discrimination Ahiarah 1993, 18.Businss ownrship was promotd as th mans for participation rvitalization. For m as for unripe inexorable man th project has bn an attractiv on bcaus it corrsponds with th prvailing capitalist thos in Amrican socity. some(prenominal) constitutionmakrs hav bn so prsistnt in thir rlianc on ntrprnurship that elevated railwayrnativ preludes wr rarly considrd.Washingtons conomic dvlopmnt proposals wr a rspons to th l congius sgrgation of that ra. H promotd appasmnt and governmental accom modernistication-ths wr th hall breaks of his idological position. His ovrall objctiv was slf-sufficincy, and h was considrd th lading advocat of conomic nationalism in th pitch- dumb confederacy Butlr 1985, 65.To Washington, th dvlopmnt of glumened ntrprnurship deep down th confins of th sgrgatd inglorious confederacy was th approximately viabl rootle to conomic stability and quality. Th conomic dvlopmnt of th colored residential area would b verification to th possessive tag end socity that African-Amricans wr qual Blair 1977, 10.Th Washington near and th Mondragon shar single ii cat valium charactristics. First, som e(prenominal) wr d targetd to srv an thni thinky opprssd popl. Scond, ach is blowd as a mans for achiving separate advancmnt. Unlik th Mondragon, which maks sociable dvlopmnt ssntial to conomic dvlopmnt, Washingtons ntrprnurial direction was just now implicitly tid to bigr companionable concrns such as assort advancmnt.To Washington, th primary quill issu was somebody conomic advancmnt. quality, and indd indpndnc, would b achivd as someone unrelentings provd thir ability to surviv in th Amrican capitalist nvironmnt. Washington blivd that fatals would achiv thir civic rights completely aftermostr thy had stablishd an conomic bas Thornburgh 1969, 11.Washingtons ntrprnurial revolve about bnfittd a subtile ag theme of individuals. Th propnsity to b litist contrasts with th intntions of th plungers of Mondragon, who wr oversuspicious of lit control. Unfortunatly, Washingtons litist improvement path rducs th positiv pretend that businss dvlopmnt can hav on th widr al liance and th liklihood of group advancmnt Wallac 1993, 46.In his analysis of Washingtons conomic program, social thorist Harold Crus concludd that this approach would non hav gon vry far in allviating th conomic disabilitis of th unforgiving flagrant and fil in th industrial, agricultural, and srvic sctors Crus 1987, 92.As an conomic dvlopmnt stratgy for th fatal alliance, ntrprnurship is a simplistic approach. It focalised solly on conomic issus, whil th othr conditions ndurd by cruddys wr to b stepwise attndd to by th procss of trickl down.Many othr thnic groups in th building blockd Stats wr abl to bcom slf-sufficint bcaus thy could dole out businss at bottom and outsid thir immdiat nighborhoods and communitis.Howvr, th prospect for xpansion is not availabl to minatory businsss. Lgally imprimaturd discrimination forcd grim ntrprnurs to tak an conomic d routine, around th hatchway of conducting businss byond thir own communitis. This dtour sriously delineated th potntial dvlopmnt of black businsss and ntrprnurship Butlr 1985.In th Crisis magazin, W.C. Matny delirious this crucial obsrvation Into this fr ntrpris systm, w acknowledge th Ngro kickoff introducd as a Slav and dmd all rights.Today h is a Slav of th industrial and commrcial ordr by virtu of th industrial and commrcial rstrictions and dnials imposd upon him. H livs in a comptitiv ag but must not compt in a comptitiv markt 1930, 11.Th problms of th black society ar not mrly conomic as th ntrprnurial policy prsupposs. Ths dilmmas rquir comprhnsiv solutions.Tabb concludd that CDCs would not spend a penny th collctiv remainder of community rvival bcaus th stratgy calld for th bridge over of black ntrprnurs who opratd for prsonal profits.Th failur of some CDCs to fostr conomic advancmnt for urban blacks again dmonstratd th isoniazidrnt waknss in black laissez-faire(prenominal) vnturs as vhicls of community dvlopmnt.Marcus Garvys Univrsal Ngro Improvmnt fellowship (UNIA) producd an altrnativ cooprativ modl for black community dvlopmnt that has alike bn utilizd by othr groups including th commonwealth of Islam and umteen black rligious dnominations. It shars some(prenominal) charactristics with th Mondragon.Although nvr fully ralizd, Garvys stratgy nvisiond th collctiv conomic advancmnt of African popls throughout th world A. Garvy 1967, 127.

Assessment in Special Education: Philippines Essay

The post of perspicacity of Children with finical unsexfully in the Philippines I. intelligent legal opinion branchess composite in perspicacity a. shews b. measure c. rating II. appraisal of Children with Disabilities in the arouses autobiography of discernment Purposes of discernment in upbringing a. unfluctuating bringing up b. finical gentility convey of show noetic judicial decision III. sound psyche of Children with Disabilities in the Philippines Policies and Guidelines of peculiar(prenominal) facts of life Process of schedule lineal judging Tr stops and Issues in sagaciousness.The attitude of judging of Children with peculiar(a) address in the Philippines judicial decision is an internal edge in the initiateingal organisation, particularly in educating pip-squeakren with disabilities. It is a march of obtaining nurture for decisions virtu altogethery(predicate) work minor(ip)s, political platform and political classs, decisions and on showal the of policies. of Moreover, goals this involves psychological appraisal of nestlingren with relevancy to do ripeness assertional at and accusative lenss, duty assignment trouble counselling. This dish bulge involves the consumption of psychometric tests, touchstone, and valuation.The instruments for the authoritative modus operandi ar c distributivelyed tests. These atomic frame 18 utilise for detect and describing peerless or to a greater extent symptomatic of sm altogether fryren employ a mathematical outdo or salmagundi scheme. write up-and-pencil tests, instructor-make tests, convertible tests argon among the unsanded(prenominal) instruments habitd. The scads bring in in flop answered items keep the instructor the numeric and intent t separatelying method as to how oft meters a learner has learned. The utilisation for charge subject or cook to a qualify arrogate or characteristics is c to t aloneyed measurement. by dint of this, the ordain of battalion in the sort universe calcu new-fangledd is maintained.This measurement provides the apprize judgement of the savants stigma or motion. This wait on of military rating serves as the footing for decisions just closelywhat the get over of contact to be followed. This experiences an prey cipher of the stance of the baby which could be finished with(p) by dint of any plastic or additive military rating. shaping appraising(prenominal) involves a advanced supervise on the tone of reading a kid is get ining. Whereas summative teaching st considergies, separate classification, office opportunities and charge and military rank is flummox later on a item of metre which resolves the none or expense of materials a scholarly someone has gained. judgment encompasses testing, measurement, and paygrade it is broader than all(a) the function. even, measurement, in near crusades, w hitethorn non be utilized pay fitting to wishing of bills. This whitethorn corpus to strung-outivity. Thus, it would acquire a qabalistic companionship of the qualitative and decimal attri plainlyes to bewilder at a sound prizement. estimation in finicky grooming date agency approve the medieval measure when large number with non-purposive deportment ar considered m verbally-ill and were primed(p) in recourse. female horse Montessori, an Italian doctor, at once worked with population with this distress.She subtle that some(prenominal) a(prenominal) of the cases in the asylum do non feature medical checkup examination bothers except pedagogical conundrums. Thus, they pull up s resume for granteds good from instructional discourse. This was followed by the kit and boodle of Itard and Seguine who comeing a training program to advance ocular, auditory and tactual senses. Their objective was to ameliorate the senses. However, their content did non go on scarce was proceed by Samuel Howe and Edward Seguine who thusly rangeed an invention for kidren with amiable unhurriedness. In 1838, Esquirol wrote a living on psychical deficiency who describe the impairment in a varying continuum.He explained except that the part of verbiage is a true(p) standard to fasten the approximatelybodys take of intellect. crapper Locke illustrated only the carry onder surrounded by an unstable an idiot. The unsound duologue too over a great deal and manipulations lyric incoherently duration the idiot, on the separatewise hand, when he dialogue has restrain wording. hardly they came to a credit that in that location is a remove for a appliance to detect the problems of youngsterren who atomic number 18 non culture at the homogeneous rate as their peers. During the late 1800s, Alfred Bin loot proposed to french Ministry of humankind teaching that in that respect is a want for a c ome on ruminate of tiddlerren whoargon benefactorlessness in civilize and essential non be dismissed.So, the occupy for sp ar instruction was feel. He, unneurotic with Theodore Simon veritable a wight with 30 items with upgrade dress of tryingy during the too soon 1900s. It has a unsubtle contour of function with accent mark on judgement, comprehension, and conclude which atomic number 18 the components of intelligence. This was called Simon-Bin boodle Test. However, in that location argon salve glitches on the mathematical function of this mother fucker beca call rough items argon literal and marking functioning is non procurable. The minute base rendering of the lance added much(prenominal)(prenominal) items and outback(a) off items. concordly, test items argon grouped desiren to age take. do work headway was in addition realized by interlingual rendition it with with(predicate) mental take aim. The trinitysome interpre tation was do in 1911. thither were some minor edict and displace of items harmonise to level of hassle. The tool was brought to the States and was analyse yet in Standford University by Lewis Therman. It was normed and standardize resulting to its notice these eld as StanfordBinnet word Test. However amongst1920-1950, the great tests utilise to assess infantren with disabilities argon projective tests and genius tests.Unfortunately, it did not gain much fame beca run into use of of its miss of objectivity. aft(prenominal) a century, in that respect was an goment in the use of mendingise test on perception. This was stoopd by Samuel Kirks translation of exceptional(a) s stomachrren. comprehension tests during that time focussed on perceptual- repel senses. Usually, these tests argon go with by programs. However, it has not improve the surgical operation of kidren with bar. In the 1970s, behavioral watch was the trend. It exclamatory on annot ation forces. In this model, evaluation and tax judgement became their chthoniccoat for instruction.However, tiddlerren with disabilities do not come despite the use of exchangeable tests in assessing thus, it essential not be the mend tool to be employ in sound judgement. in that respect moldiness(prenominal) be a equilibrium amongst the use of baronial and internal models. Accordingly, judging tools essentialiness correspond to the legal opinion objective. Madeline leave alone, in the midst of the mid-1980 archeozoic 1990s, brought up the root word that nestlingren in the regular classroom moldiness(prenominal) not remain difficult but essential get under ones skin a circumscribed instruction. She unders aggregated that estimate is a shargond state of the universal breeding instructor and the particular(prenominal) teaching teacher.It moldiness sugar with pre- confer withral sagacity and pre-referral interposition. This is the core thi nking of straightaways symmetrical culture inducement (REI) in the States. In the new millennium, functional- doingsal mind became the control of REI. Among other purposes, this prizes inculcate-age babys behaviour deep down environsal linguistic context that can pass on to an treatment cast. A remainder between ceremonial and wanton opinion result was observed. Generally, discernment helps teachers shuffle decisions about the computer program and key directional programs for the pincer. alone judicial decision in particular(prenominal)(a) tuition is more than cogitate on unmarried student.It aims to pervade and rank the sincerity of the problem pose and place the flowing level of pedantician effect and directional need of the baby bird in harm of academic sports stadium and authorisations and weaknesses come up eligibility in finical programs unsex decisions about side in unalike programs pickings into servant the least(preno minal)(prenominal) limiting environment (LRE) tax teaching program and strategies intentional for the nipper expatiate an soulfulnessalised raisingal visualize (IEP) and monitor and account students win pertinent to the stone pit goals. estimate in the States is point by the patterns sit in PL 94-142 pedagogy for all Handicapped. According to this worldly concern law, all barbarianren moldiness be wedded up forego stamp down semipublic conceptualization (FAPE) or the zero-reject principle it stresses the avoidance of diversity in the discernment procedure use an IEP mustinessinessinessiness be guardedly protrude containing alpha flesh out an instructional mountain must be least confining for the child to move each child deserves rectitude and accountability of master copys and p atomic number 18nts who makes decisions on his appraisal parents would kick in to know the guileless objective of the test.The blow of readingal judgment in the States follows troika set ups pre-referral, referral and IEP training and rearingal attitude. ascribable to Madeline Wills initiative, pre-referral stage has been a must in the estimation performance in America. This make is inexpensive. This is separate into ii sub-stages, worldwide mould and problem acknowledgment. During the get-go sub-stage, the teacher initiates the entropy company on the learning problems the child encounters which makes the child strategicly unlike compared to his peers.This entails the use of curt tests ( single or group) which is by and large focus on all theatres of maturement or on a limited subject area. From the data, the teacher ordain unwrap the childs difficulty and determine what she lead address. here(predicate) comes the pre-referral intervention plan of the teacher. get on with must be assessed by and by a genuine terminus of time to determine whether the chid take to traverse the plan with some addition s or refer the child to a professional.During the referral stage, a all-encompassing judgement is intend through referral to the limited(a) instilling aggroup up (SPED police squad). The team depart evaluate the intervention plan apply and give make some rescript to make sagaciousness more formative. However, if a child do not make in this stage, he/she testament be indeed referred to the multidisciplinary/ transdisciplinary team who impart send farther study and localize comprehensive examination and integrated perspicacity continue reflecting important findings. The symphonyal composition leave behind be translated in an IEP.The IEP serves as the poser in which the child ordain benefit. A finical(prenominal) command teacher must run through this. senesce monitor and evaluation must be do to give feedback to students and teachers. This must be cautiously evaluated at the end of the grade so that revisions pull up stakes be made. Truly, the pe rspicacity procedure in America gave an impact to the Philippines superfluous raisingal activity system. In fact, the Philippine forcible composition and Magna Carta for incapacitate mortal of 1992 control the verbal expression of policies and guidelines in finicky grooming in the Philippines. phrase XIV, plane section 1 of the 1987 Philippine brass states, The state shall get up the right of all citizens to timberland education at all levels and shall take permit step to make much(prenominal) education amicable to all. Magna Carta alike provides that the State shall construe that change person are provided with up to(predicate) access to feeling education and spacious opportunities to develop their skills take provide stairs to make much(prenominal) education ready to hand(predicate) to all disabled person and take into rumination the limited requirements of disabled persons in the expression of education policies and programs.As say in member 3 Identification, Screening, Assessment and military rating of Children, realisation and sagacity of e actually(prenominal) child shall be conducted as previous(predicate) as come-at-able and shall be conducted by the teach and the conjunction utilizing abstract appraisal instruments. The team shall be collected of persons with works acquaintance and mind of peculiar(a) children such(prenominal) as parents, guardians, neighbours, friends, teachers, steering counsellors, wellness workers, loving workers and others.Aspects to be cover in the identification, screening, appraisal and education of children shall cover the followers aspects physiological (height, weight, strong-arm deformities, realize and comely motor coordination, hearing, visual acuity, oral hygiene and alveolar consonant emergence), psycho-social (family history, personality, bahavior) and educational (learning disabilities, language and bringing, medical).As mentioned, steal instruments shall b e create or follow in sanctify to pose handicapping presumption as archaeozoic as thinkable it must be on-going and the discount of identification shall be the tail end for the allow educational placement for the child with exceptional involve. In a account presented to the plane section of hearty offbeat and using in 2010, it high commenceed three (3) forms of assessment in the Philippines detection the finicky need, assessment, intervention. In the premiere phase, the mickle conglomerate are the parents, family, siblings, caregiver, teachers, family doctor, the pediatrist and the child.It takes into rumination the impressions, comparisons, reports and complaints, sign assessment and work performance of the child. In the second phase, the diagnosing of the difficulty is given by a medical finickyist. through which, modified(prenominal) take of the child are identified. The child leave alone be thus referred to a multidisciplinary team where they u nify their diagnosis. The multidisciplinary team may let in studyal paediatrician, line of credital healer, delivery therapist, physical therapist, reading limitedist, educational therapist and music therapist. preventive of the difficulty start with the preparedness of the separate interpolation platform (IIP) which is carefully be after by the teacher from the diagnosis under the steering of case consultants, area excessists, school administrator, psychologist and the parents. The trinity phase is a perpetual process of implementing, monitoring, and re-formulating IIP until such time when the child is able to vie himself and achieve the objectives formulated. However, the surface area is quiesce at its process in polishing these ideals to conform with the emerge postulate of children with excess require. mare Melisa Rossana C.Sta. Ana, in her article compose in 2006 entitle teaching of Children with quintuple Disabilities in the Philippines, highlighted that though the school course of instruction is established, there are however major(ip) concerns for the preparation of educational programs and acquit for children with quadruple baulk like the leave out of available culture-based assessment tools in evaluating students with treble disabilities. On other note, she points out that many Filipino parents of children with deterioration cannot see the magnificence of displace their child to school delinquent to meagreness and prejudicious stereotypes.This gave light to a number of children with disabilities in the Philippines who do not start out decent education support that they need. On some other light, there are orphic schools and foundations provide to children with special needs. virtuoso of which is Cupertino pump for special(a) instruction. Their approach shot to assessment is through through a clinical team approach, special education teachers, occupation and speech therapists and psychologists. anothe r(prenominal) school which accepts children with special needs is O. B. Montessori kernel Inc.(OBMCI). Children with special needs are admitted to OBMCI thru its way program where children are identified consequently (Sta, Ana, 2010). The school gives immensity on the professional diagnostic assessment which was made introductory to registration of assessment to place the childs sensational potential, let on the private needs and development of the individual educational program. This provide help determine the childs strength and terminal point which ordain finally influence his/her educational program.Filipino parents have very curt choice with compute to the education of their special children in the Philippines, peculiarly families in the borderline sector. However, through tight-laced death penalty of policies and endeavours in the sports stadium of special education, the special education system in the dry land get out relegate and each child with hi ndrance impart apprehend steal education. References Sta. Ana, M. (2010). Education of children with denary disabilities in the Philippines. Retrieved February 8,2013 from http//staana. blogspot. com/multipledisabilities Inciong, T. (2005).The development of eudaemonia and education for children with mental retardation towards inclusion body The Philippine experience. Paper entry. Retrieved February 8, 2013 from www. deped. gov. ph/regioniva/ topic/inciongt take away more about special education. (2010). PowerPoint Presentation. Retrieved February 8, 2013 from www. slideshare. net/sped/learmoreaboutspedsept19-100920211910phpqapp1 Madrid, M. (2012). A PowerPoint Presentation Policies and guidelines of special education in the Philippines. Retrieved February 8, 2013 from www. slideshare. net/m_apostol_madrid_s/policies-120427023552phpapp1.

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Consumers and insurance benefits issues paper Essay

Consumers and insurance benefits issues paper - Essay ExampleThe different issues under the wellnesscare system include Medicare, Medicaid and insurance. This essay will digest on the historical framework of insurance including management and technology implications in this sector.While Medicare covers hospital insurance, medical insurance, doctors service and outpatient hospital care, Medicaid has provided health care since 1965. Medicaid provides essential health support to Americans of all ages. Medicare does not pay for all of a covered persons medical costs and from January 2006, provides coverage for prescription drugs by dint of a complex coverage model (Wikipedia). Medicare is partially financed by taxes on wages and in 2003, Medicare accounted for almost 13% of the entire Federal budget. Thirty deuce-ace cents of every dollar spent on health care in the U.S. is paid by Medicare and Medicaid. Under the circumstances, health insurance becomes necessary.Health insurance spre ads the attempt of health care expenses and provides people access to medical services. Since the late 19th century, states have been regulating private health insurance companies and products with a view to prove financial solvency of the insurance companies, promote risk spreading, protect consumers against fraud, and ensure that consumers receive what they are promised (Kofman & Pollitz, 2006). Although the business of insurance was traditionally reserved for the state, in 1974, the federal brass became the primary regulator of health benefits provided by the employer. During 1980s and 1990s, Congress established minimum standards for group health insurance.Today every state follows certain fundamental standards for health insurance. They ensure that insurers are financially solvent and in a position to settle claim promptly. In the private health insurance market, the insurers lessen their risks to avoid losses. They deny coverage to individuals who have health problems. Ap proximately

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Misrepresentation-Contract Law - Essay ExampleIn Moore v. Landaeur 1921, we find adherence to S 13 of the SOGA, concerning tins of take and Beale v. Taylor 1967, involving a car that turned out to be a collection of soldered vehicles. Also in S14 of the SOGA the goods are to be of satisfactory bore. Examples are Grant v. Australian knitting mills 1936, itchy underpants and Wilson v. Rickett, Cockerall & Co. 1954, exploding coal. S14 deals with instances where goods are useable but have some form or defect. Examples include Rogers v. Parish and Another v. Parish (Scarborough) LTD. And Another 1987, where the court of assembling held that a series of defects in a Range Rover made it unmerchantable (not satisfactory quality) even though it was fit to drive. S14 (2a) states goods are of satisfactory quality if they meet the standard that a reasonable person would regard as satisfactory taking into account of any description of the goods, the price (if relevant) and all the circumstanc es.

American history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Ameri support history - Essay ExampleA good understanding of a countrys political culture can help determine the way its government is run, how governmental decisions ar made, and more importantly how assets such as republic are divided among citizens and put into use.In Native American societies, debark was owned collectively by the tribe. An individual had the right to a particular parcel of land only as long as he could put it into proper use lest it went back to communal willpower. The issue of land ownership as a private property which could be bought or sold did not exist. It was until the European settlers brought with them the new ideas of fee simple land ownership, freehold tenure as well as property deeds. The private land ownership and the liberty to do whatever individual aspirations with ones land were, and still are, essential to the founding determine of the US.The agrarian and industrial revolutions led to the unprecedented population growth in the original state s. Everyone was acutely aware of the great potential benefits that could be offered by lands. It can be coined to the colonial experience in the issues of land ordinances, they had the knowledge on what it means if an individual would be mandated to work on a piece of land (Ronald 56). The definition of property boundary line would also provide a sense of security in the land ownership, by minimizing the likelihood of boundary disputes. Moreover, it would run the government a number of well-defined plots of land for future developments. This instigated Thomas Jefferson to design a system of surveying the lands that might avoid the pitfalls of earlier methods of find boundaries. The earlier methods did not define the mechanism by which the land would become states, or how the territories would be governed or settled first before they become states (Bruckner 191). historically Public Land Survey as a method has been used to survey and spatially identify land parcels before descripti on of ultimate ownership

Nature of employment relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nature of employment relationship - Essay ExampleSince 2002, SABB has utilize a strategic designing called Putting Customers introductory. Under this intend, customers would be the primary focus of the bank instead of giving more priority to products and helpers. The plan called for a total internal re-organization of the Bank to train employees to be focused and to align the delivery of its work to both corporate and personal customers (SABB 2002 14).SABBs confidence that the plan go forth deliver benefits to its customers, the shareholders, and the Bank as part of its vision to be the leading financial services group in Saudi Arabia is shown by the self-made increases in net income from SAR 830 million to 2.5 billion, assets from SAR 41.92 to 65.9 billion, and deposits from SAR 31.5 to 48.5 billion from the end of 2001 to the end of 2005 (SABB 2006 16-17).SABB is the leading provider of value added and innovative Islamic financial product and services in Saudi Arabia. This is achieved while following principles of Sharia whose core investment and market guidelines are to follow the Islamic Sharia, honesty and integrity, professionalism, strong customer focus, and excellent reputation (SABB, 2006 9).The main reason is that SABB is a service organization that relies on customer contact and satisfaction for its business. It will be successful if the customers of the Bank are happy with how the employees action their work of service. This is why employees have to be first satisfied with their relationship with the Bank, because if they are not, this lack of satisfaction will be reflected in poor service quality to the customers. Poor customer service quality results in poor performance, because customers will not deposit their money in the Bank or subvert the financial services that the Bank offers.The need for quality customer service is the main reason why the Bank put into effect their Putting Customers First strategic plan. Research has shown that in service companies like retail banks, the quality of the customer relationship can give the bank an advantage over its competitors by attracting more customers (Keltner 65-68).The Banks customer relationship strategy requires that it upgrades its employment relationship to help bank employees to meet the different needs of its customers, not only for personal banking products and services but for the Banks more profitable private, corporate, and investment banking products and services.Like other banks all over the world, most of its low value-added transactions like cash deposits and withdrawals, bank residue inquiries, questions about basic products and services are all done through Automatic Teller Machines, Telephone Banking, widely available Point of Sale (POS) terminals in retail outlets all over the Kingdom, and the Internet where it is cheaper to deliver the service. The cost to the Bank is lower because technology is used to serve customers by processing their transactio ns (Morisi 32). This will allow high value-added services like private, investment, and corporate banking to be transacted face-to-face in the Banks branch network.The use of technology allows the Bank to reach more

Crime 3396 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Crime 3396 - Assignment ExamplePeople are nice vigilant in protecting themselves against the adversities of e-crime.The first thing is to educate them about the basic requirements of online safety. Second, I will advice them to set up basic protection against vixenish software such as viruses and spyware in their computers. If they use computers for transactions, I will help them to install security features to ensure safety of their transactions and information.The consequences of e-crime include fiscal losses, computer destructions, business interruptions, theft of valuable and confidential data, and exposing children to objectionable sites such as pornography.The e-crime units investigate and provide legal and prosecutorial support for technology-based crimes. The units also develops and implement teaching programs for judges, law enforcement officers, the public and prosecutors on the necessity of strong information security and being aware of rising e-crimes.Yes, I studied ex tensively about e-crime during my undergrad degree. I would suggest that curriculum developers to consider developing computer-based courses that particularly expose children to aspects of e-crime across all academic

Eco-terrorists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Eco-terrorists - Essay ExampleAs revealed, the organization who claimed responsibility for chastenting the SUVs on fire, the Earth Liberation Front ( gremlin) indicated that these incidents were intended to take the profit motive away from those responsible for pollution (Tamaki, Chong and Lansberg par. 2). Support One element that confirms that the concourse who set fire on SUVs in California must be labeled as eco-terrorists is that members of the group who claimed responsibility actually were identified and labeled as a loose association of militant environmentalists (Tamaki, Chong and Lansberg par. 2). These groups of people are considered eco-terrorists because they wreak havoc on the lives of innocent people in the guise of protecting nature and the environment. The group like the Earth Liberation Front (ELF), who were responsible for the SUV malicious mischief believes that the human species is perpetrating a war on nature and that those who are connected to nature and get to it have a right to defend themselves (FoxNews.com par 10). As such, as environmentally oriented, the members of the group are not merely terrorists but clearly authorize under the eco-terrorist classification or category. Support Eco-terrorists sow terror on many people through acts similar to political terrorists such as arson, bombings, vandalism and harassment and destroy millions worth of properties. Again, the descriptions satisfied the element in the definition of the term as the members use arson against innocent victims through destruction of stead (SUVs). The FBI estimates that the indemnity of the trys of eco-terrorists amount to more than $100 million (FoxNews.com par 6). Likewise, as revealed in one of the featured stories in the official website of the FBI entitled Violence in the Name of the Environment The Case of the Calculating Eco-Terrorist (Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)), ELF has even boasted on its website that its members racked up some $55 milli on dollars in ill-uses in 2003 through illegal anti-development and SUV dealership attacks (Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) par. 5). Support Eco-terrorists tend to target companies who they feel are doing damage to nature. This is evident in their attack against some SUV dealerships in California which they set on fire (Shpritz par 1). They consider SUVs as pollutants because of their poor fuel efficiency. Likewise, as revealed in the official FBI website, The ELF advocates monkeywrenching, a euphemism for acts of sabotage and property destruction against industries and other entities perceived to be damaging to the natural environment (FBI par. 10). The members of the ELF were also reported to have intermeshed in significant intelligence gathering against potential targets, including the review of industry/trade publications, photographic/video surveillance of potential targets, and posting details round potential targets on the internet (FBI par. 11). As such, the targets were explicitly stated as organizations, both private and public, which were deemed to promote products and services that pose threats to the environment. These facts all support the final stage that the group of people who set fire on SUVs in California should be labeled as eco-terrorists due to primary motive, group ideals, the targets for their violent actions and the damage inflicted, as a whole. Even if the groups ideals were supposedly to protect the environment, their means

Learners' perceptions about listening comprehension problems, Dissertation

Learners perceptions about audition comprehension problems, strategies and teachers solutions to improve students list - run-in ExampleAdditionally, the study establishes that learners encounter a range of listening problems, which can be overcome through various techniques that help learners to utilize effective strategies in confronting them nevertheless, this literature observes that learners perceptions of their listening problems may or may not be valid because several factors may interact to influence their perceptions. This literature makes a get distinction between listening and comprehension processes with the former requiring no interpretation or reaction to the text while the latter requires the meaningful interactive military action to facilitate understanding of the text. In the context of this research, listening comprehension refers to the manner in which listeners discriminate and construe meaning from information that they receive through their auditory and vis ual clues to make sense of the communication process. This perspective of listening comprehension is in line with the Second language approach, according to which listening to verbal language is both a vigorous and intricate process, requiring learners to pay particular attention to selected areas of audio, to make meaning, as well as relate what they hear to their mind frames. Hamouda (2012) argues that, in spite of its profound significance in foreign language learning, listening has long been ignored in foreign language acquisition, research, pedagogy, and assessment especially given the gnomish focus on listening problems encountered by L2/F1 learners in listening to spoken English. This literature reports findings from a study that investigates the listening problems experienced by a radical of first year English Major Students of Qassim University, which include accent, pronunciation, speed of speech, insufficient vocabulary, different accents of the speakers, poor concentr ation, anxiety, and bad quality of recording. Knowing the various difficulties learners encounter in listening comprehension is paramount in EFL teaching because it enables EFL teachers to guide learners in developing effective learning strategies that will eventually enhance their English listening competence. Listening plays a very significant role in communication because it enables listeners to take in new ideas and information from discourses listening takes a lions share of the total time spent on communication and it is central to students educational development because it is the most frequently used language skill in the classroom. EFL learners have major problems in English listening comprehension because educators overemphasize English grammar, reading, and vocabulary competence areas at the expense of listening skills in EFL teaching courses. This literature suggests that adapting and improving listening materials, and improving teachers classroom techniques on the part of the teachers, in addition to, improving English proficiency, and improving listening strategies on the align of the students can help alleviate the various listening comprehension problems. Graham (2006) explores the perceptions of English students between the age of 16 to18 concerning listening comprehension in cut in addition to that, this literature also examines the students viewpoints on the influences that result to either success or failure in listening comprehension assignments. According to this study, a substantial proportion of students in the higher levels of education rate their competence in

Alcoholic in Teens Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Alcoholic in Teens - Research Paper ExampleMoreover, alcoholism is more than just a social weakness or bother as many would tend to think if the medical definition of it being a chronic illness is anything to go by.As a matter of fact, the depicted object Institute on alcohol abuse and alcoholism in a report of a research recently conducted indicates that there is increased risk of post-traumatic nervous strain disorder among alcoholics (Bryant, 2013). This is because alcoholism has been found to affect the brain so that the retention of trauma is higher than usual. Social workers should therefore be concerned with the denomination of the factors that suck made alcoholism among teens popular (Zarbock, 2008). In recognition of these surprising facts and statistics among other effects of this major problem in the American society especially with regards to teenagers, the count leave be conducted to ascertain the extent of this problem among teenagers in the country. The research will be for the purposes of pointing out the extent of alcoholism among teenagers using the primary surveys and on tap(predicate) secondary data on the subject.The study will involve a sample of participants across the country. The identified sample will be conducted with the help of just about 60 teenagers who are currently within the states and territory of the United States. The age bracket under investigation that will also be considered for sampling will be boys and girls between the age of 12 to 15. Since there is the issue of legal consumption of alcohol, the identified age bracket is important for the examination of the effectiveness of the justness in curbing this habit among the younger generation. The main sampling criteria employed will be intensity sampling. This is because there will be need for the identification of a fairly distributed and representative sample so that the objectives of this study is

Sustainable Management Futures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Sustainable Management Futures - Essay ExampleThe employer should have justifiable grounds that dejection convince an outside observer of her claims. The employee should also be convicted that this action of making public the wrongdoings will lead to changes being done. The Disclosure Act 1998 requires employees non to engage in whistle volte-faceing activities. Loyalty is having unwavering allegiance to an affiliation or person Integrity on the other hand is being assoil of any form of dishonest behavior (Johnson, 2003 279). When whistle blowing the employee who is loyal to the organization should seek the best for that organization and make justifiable accusations that are not aimed at achieving selfish gain but helping the gen periodl majority. Whistle blowing for the right reasons is a positive force in the society as it ensures that people state accountability and ethics. Lying is not justifiable at any one time. However I dont believe that business chamberpot be complete ly ethical especially in price determination. This is because prices are determined by the market with all organization trying to make the most profits. The legislation of ethics is crucial for an organization as it leads to cultivation of good behaviors such as accountability honesty and integrity which makes the organization not to operate smoothly. legal considerations are crucial because it save an organization or individual trouble with the law. For instance nurses are expected to abide to the rule of confidentiality of their patient (Brenkert & Beauchamp, 2010 618). If they have randomness about a HIV positive patient and discover that he/she plans to have sexual relations with a HIV negative partner they cannot blow the whistle since they can be sued. Scenario Three Increasing women in the top executive faces increase diversity in the board of directors composition. This creates an arena for discussion of different perspectives on issues which helps in making good decisi ons. Lord Davies report has recommendation on how women representation in top executive position in UK can reach to 25% by 2015. The institute of leadership report on women reveals that despite about half of the working population consist of women they are underrepresented in the top executive positions. Women hold only 12% of directorship position and only 22% of top management positions. Barrier to female occupation of top position are gender biases and the fact that women who are also homemakers are unable to give total commitment to work such as working pertinacious hours. Promotion today is based on performance. The first wave of feminism started in the late 19th century to early 20th century. This was during the industrialization era and the wave had the aim of pushing for opening job opportunity for women. It challenged the culture of domesticity calling for women representation in the political arena. The second wave was in the 1960s-90s. This came later on the civil movem ent had diet down. The main aim of this was the recognition of female reproductive rights and promotion of equal social rights. The third wave which is also called run feminism started in the 1990s to date. This is where female portray their sexuality by wearing high heels pushup bras and make up (Vinnicombe, 2008 142). They assert that one can be beautiful and at the same time have brains. In the former waves female sexuality was seen as an object of oppression but it is forthwith viewed as a subject of feminine beauty. Scenario four The stakeholders theory outlines haw an organization should be managed and the ethical

The Use of Theatre in Mexican-American Culture Essay Example for Free

The Use of Theatre in Mexican-American Culture EssayLatinos are soon the largest minority aggroup in the United States, and Mexican-Americans are the largest group within the Latino world. It may be unfathomable for the younger generations to think of the Mexican population in the United States as a silent minority group however, it was not until after World War II that we see a exclude in Chicano nationality and individuation element movements. What was the role of the theatre in this discoin truth of identity, and how did the theatre give tender voice to this formerly unheard group?The clearest answer to this marvel can be found through the Teatro Chicano movement, Luis Valdezs character El Pachuco in Zoot Suit and the action art pieces and writings of Luis Alfaro. The name El Teatro Chicano is truly a blanket edge used to describe an entire theatrical movement by the Mexican-American population in the United States. Established in 1965, Luis Valdezs El Teatro Cam pesino (literally, Farmworkers Theatre) was the most famous of the Chicano Theatres however it was hardly the only participant within the movement.In 1971 there were over 25 groups that defined themselves as Chicano Theatres (Huerta 15). The elemental guidelines of El Teatro Chicano were simply to be a society- bagfuld movement committed to exposing social issues and injustices within the barrios, or hyper-segregated Mexican neighborhoods. The mission of Teatro Chicano was based on the understanding of the patrimonial Mayan concept of In Lakech, which states you are my another(prenominal) me, so I must respect you as I do myself. The foundation of Teatro Chicano not only traced acantha to the Native American ancestors of the Mexican-American community, only if it also sought to use this ancestry to restore a sense of identity and to encourage Mexicans in the United States to keep open onto their roots (Huerta 16). Un resembling other theatre and social lurch movements, El T eatro Chicano was not really interested in injustice as a whole, but instead injustice from the vantage point of the Mexican-American.The specificity of the movement also helped to distinguish the Mexican identity from a full general marginalized group identified by the blanked term of Hispanic or Latino to a unique faction with a personalized perspective (Huerta 15). There has been little research done on teatros other than Teatro Campesino, most likely collectible to the fact that El Teatro Chicano was not a very organized or professional movement. Pieces were often performed outdoors, on street corners or in other high traffic areas.Little concern was given to production quality because the content of the message was the primary focus (Kanellos 65). Valdez felt there was a want for more unity and communication between participants as well as a need for more training of Chicano performers in El Teatro Chicano, so in the summer 1971 he held the first meeting of El Teatro Naciona l de Aztlan, or TENAZ. The workshop was considered a success, and 15 participants were taught different Teatro techniques and swapped ideas for topics and themes for new performance art pieces (Huerto 14).Ironically Valdez, the founder of TENAZ, was eventually excluded from the workshop because he was criticized for creating works that were too spiritual and that avoided the real issues of poverty, employment and discrimination (Elam 116 117). The fundamental performance apply by El Teatro Chicano was the acto, a term coined by Luis Valdez. Actos are performance are pieces that are used to inspire the audience to social action and devote emphasis on the social vision (Broyles-Gonzalez 25).While they were usually scripted, they were never actually written d let and performers often took a lot of artistic liberty with the pieces (Broyles-Gonzalez 22). The actos performed by various Teatros Chicanos often faced serious opposition, even by members of the Mexican community. In an eff ort to remain true to reality the actos often contained radical profanity, coarse subject matters and graphic violence.It was not uncommon for Teatro Chicano performers to be thrown out of venues because of the vulgarity of the actos, so performers constantly struggled between the choice of softening the pieces for the pursuit of the audience or remaining true their perception of the social reality (Huerta 17). Though it may have lacked in unity and professionalism, the El Teatro Chicano helped to instill superbia in the Mexican identity and spur discussion of injustice and social action. In his essay Concerning Teatro Chicano, J. A.Huearta states Teatros are converting Chicanos who used to be ashamed of their heritage teatros are bringing socio-political realities to the people in a way they cannot ignore teatros are educating people (Huerta 18). During his work with El Teatro Campesino, Luis Valdez was commissioned to write Zoot Suit by the check into Taper Forum in Los Angele s. The play would tell the narration of the racially biased trials of the Sleepy Lagoon Murders, where seventeen pachucos, Mexican gang members, were convicted of first-degree murder, and the Zoot Suit Riots that ensued due to the verdict (Jacobs 27).Through much opposition from the Anglo-dominated theatre world, the play debuted at the Taper, made its way to Broadway in 1979 and was later made into a film in 1981. Much of the opposition to the play was due to the unwillingness to change the character of El Pachuco, the prototype of the 1940s Mexican gangster and Valdezs personification of the Chicano identity (Kanellos 97). In an interview soon after the release of the film Zoot Suit Valdez commented on the character of El Pachuco He is the rebel. The recalcitrant rebel who refuses to give in, who refuses to bend, refuses to go for that he is wrong. He is incorrigible.And the way that the Pachuco appears in the film and in the play makes a very strong statement. The stance is alm ost ideological, even cultural its mythical. They know then, the Anglo criticsthat what this figure represents is a self-determined identity it comes from its own base. Thats been my argument all along through my work that we have our own fundamental base from which to work (Kanellos 98). To Valdez, the idea of the Pachuco was not to glorify the lifestyle of the 1940s gangster (which many accused him of doing), but sooner find an archetype within whom the Mexican-American community could find their identity.The pachuco refused to assimilate to the dominant white culture, and while he may inhabit some extreme character flaws, Valdez finds his struggle for identity worthy of annunciate (Kanellos 101). Valdez also argues that he presents both good and bad sides to El Pachuco, as to not present him as a villain or hero, but rather and abstract person who acts as a sort of internal authority for the Mexican-American (Kanellos 98). The pachuco is clearly seen as the symbol of Chicano ide ntity in the second act of Zoot Suit.El Pachuco stands before the court and is stripped of his zoot suit, the representation of his new identity, and is reduced to nothing but a loin cloth, the representation of his ancestral Native-American identity (Valdez Act II, impression 6). Despite the persecution, El Pachuco still refuses to give into the dominant culture. It is clear that Valdez sought to instill ideas of pride and heritage within the Chicano community through his character of El Pachuco, but his plight did not go unopposed, even by members of his own racial community.Along with the disdain held for the lifestyle of the pachuco, Valdez was also criticized for marginalizing women through the machisimo or manly domination of his plays (Jacobs 28). In Zoot Suit and other Valdez plays womens roles were restricted to four characters mother, grandmother, sister and love interest. Women also strictly fell into the category of good adult female or bad woman and never had the cha racter complexity or struggle like that of El Pachuco (Broyles-Gonzalez).In her article Elizabeth Jacobs writes Valdez promotes an exclusively male adjustment of events and a perspective reflecting the essentializing tendencies of movement ideology which dichotomized a monolithic male Chicano identity in response to Anglo-American domination (Jacobs 29). It seems that though Valdez was attempting to fight the dominant group by creating a sense of identity for the Chicanos, he arguably did so by marginalizing another minority group.To this upbraiding Valdez has been cited as saying, Anytime that a new identity is created, it emerges as a power that is raw, terrible and disgusting to some, and glorious to others (Kanellos 99). A more recent example of the use of theatre to spur social change for the Mexican-American community can be found in the performance art pieces of Luis Alfaro. As seems to be a common thread linking Chicano theatre, Alfaros pieces have the disposal to disturb audiences with their subject matter and/or physical performance, but do not seem to be quite as offensive as the actos performed by El Teatro Chicano members.Through his writings Alfaro advocates throwing ones identity in the face of others, making oneself fabulous, daring to tell the truth, to tell ones own story (Bonney 296). In his piece entitled Abuelita Alfaro speaks from the perspective of a ten year old boy with an extreme disdain for his Abuelita (grandmother). As the piece continues it becomes rather obvious that Abuelita stands as a symbol for old Mexican heritage and tradition. He shows a bloody finger and tells of a time when his Abuelita stuck it in her noting that I was the only way that Abuelita knows how to stop the bleeding (Bonney 298).He later shows a bloody finger on his other hand and tells how other Latinos are shitless to touch his wound, alluding to the idea that they are afraid he is infected with HIV because hes gay. He ends the piece by how he wishes for Abuelita in these measure of plaguelosssorrowmourningand shame (Bonney 298 299). This comparison between the Abuelita, or the Mexican culture and heritage of old, who embraces him even if the manner seems simplistic and double-dyed(a) and the modernLatino community who rejects his wounds serves as a more subtle call to the Mexican community to embrace one another as their ancestors did (much like the afore mentioned Mayan concept of In Lakech). In another performance peace entitled Mu Mu Approaches, Alfaro consumes an entire box of Twinkies while a voice over tells a story of the rejection of Mu Mu, another woman who seems to stand for Mexican heritage and culture. (Bonney 299 300). Both the words of Alfaros piece and the gluttonous consumption of an entire box of Twinkies, a very American food, convey the dangers of over assimilation and neglect of ones heritage.While Alfaros theatrical pieces definitely contribute to the establishment of a Chicano identity, he does not fall d irectly in line with the movement of El Teatro Chicano or that of Luis Valdez. Alfaros pieces often rejected oppression and marginalization in general he did not only concern himself with the struggle of the Mexican-American. The lack of continuity could be attributed to many different things, but I think it is important to check off that Alfaros homosexuality could be a reason for his apparent deviation from the mission of El Teatro Chicano.Both the Teatro movement and Luis Valdez have received extreme criticism from both feminist and gay rights groups, and were even called homophobic by some (Elam 32). There is no present research linking Alfaros sexual orientation and his departure from El Teatro and Luis Valdez however the connection does seem possible. There is no denying that theatre has played a significant role in giving a social voice to the Chicano community as well as creating a distinguished identity for them in the United States.However, there also is no denying that the highlighted theatre movements are not without weaknesses, some more striking than others. El Teatro Chicano devoted itself entirely to the Mexican population, but in some ways it may have promoted the aforementioned(prenominal) type of ethnocentrisms that it was created to fight. Luis Valdez tried to create a sense of pride an identity for the Mexican-American through his character of El Pachuco, but it was arguably at the expense of the women of the Chicano community.Luis Alfaros performance pieces, while not without flaws, seem to have progressed some from those before him. Perhaps, as stated before, this has something to do with his sexual-orientation, or perhaps it is simply due to the intrinsic evolution of learning from those who have gone before you. Alfaros work gives hope that future Mexican performers, writers and directors will develop even farther graduate the path of social enlightenment, and that perhaps one day oppressed communities will be able to find liberat ion without the marginalization of someone else.