The Risks Of Cardiovascular Disease Health And Social Care Essay

The Rheos System is the device that can be used to take down blood force per unit area in patients who have immune high blood pressure ; the mechanism being stimulation of the carotid baroreceptors. It is unknown if there is any interaction between Rheos and conventional pacesetters. ( KARUNARATNE et al, 2010 ) I will besides be speaking about a really recent therapy for hypertensive patients ; nephritic sympathetic denervation ( RSD ) . It uses a state-of-the-art technique, â€Å" transdermal, catheter-based radiofrequency extirpation † . This has been shown to be good in patients with immune hypertension.A ( DOUMAS et al, 2010 ) Sufficient decrease in blood force per unit area can be readily achieved by bring oning unsusceptibility against marks in the RAAS. The mark antigen is a important factor in the effectivity and safety of the vaccinum. The angiotonin II vaccinum: CYT006-AngQb lessenings blood force per unit area in worlds but the consequences nevertheless were non consistent with more frequent dosing. Vaccines which can be used for hypertensive patient are still in the early stages. ( DO et al, 2010 ) High blood pressure has a high prevalence and has a slightly ill-defined definition. ( HASTIE et al, 2010 ) High blood pressure is something that needs to command. It is recommended that at least every five old ages grownups should hold their blood force per unit area checked until the age of 80. Peoples who have a high normal value for their systolic blood force per unit area, for illustration between 130 and139 mm Hg or who have a high normal value for their diastolic blood force per unit area, for illustration between 85 and 89 millimeters Hg ) are recommended to hold their blood force per unit area measured every twelvemonth. ( Brown et al, 2004 ) I will be discoursing some of the new anti hypertensive drug therapies available, the two chief 1s being viz. the carotid baroreceptor stimulation therapy and the nephritic arteria denervation process. Large-scale clinical tests and clinical surveies are presently traveling on with the purpose of specifying the safety of both the intercessions. ( GRASSI et al, 2010 ) This new implantable device which stimulates the carotid baroreceptors ( Rheos device ) activates the carotid baroreflex. This is done electrical stimulation of the carotid fistula wall: electrodes are really implanted on the outside surface of the carotid fistula wall. This is the first new therapy I will be speaking about. ( TOIDOIR et al, 2007 ) Activation of the nephritic sympathetic nervousnesss is a cardinal issue to the pathogenesis of indispensable high blood pressure in patients hence why I have decided to speak about this new approaching nephritic arteria denervation process. ( SYMPLICITY HTN-2 INVESTIGATORS et Al, 2010 ) I am besides traveling to be discoursing a new blood force per unit area vaccinum. The AngQb vaccinum uses an immunisation technique which involves the junction of angiotonin II to atoms which are similar to viruses. In a celebrated stage 2 test published in the Lancet, hypertensive patients were vaccinated with 300 mcgs of the vaccinum. After 14 hebdomads at that place was really a difference of 9.0 ( systolic ) /4.0 ( diastolic ) millimeter Hg. There were besides no serious inauspicious events recognized with the vaccinum disposal. ( GRADMAN et al, 2008 ) I will briefly speak about current medicine for hypertensive patients and eventually reexamine published documents which discuss conformity and attachment to anti hypertensive medicines. Carotid BARORECEPTORS: 1000 words The definition of immune high blood pressure would be the province that some patients face when antihypertensive drugs are non able to take down the blood force per unit area. This is a job that many physicians face at the minute in clinical pattern. ( GRASSI et al, 2010 ) . The chief intent of the arterial baroreflex is to keep the blood force per unit area rather near to a peculiar set point ( this is over a short period of clip. ) It is imperative to minimise blood force per unit area variableness by baroreflex mechanisms. In hypertensive worlds and animate beings, the baroreflex control of bosom rate has been shown to be diminished. ( HEAD et al, 2005 ) Therefore, it would follow on that a good mechanism of blood force per unit area control would be electrical activation of the carotid baroreflex. In the sixtiess and 1970s the carotid baroreflex was modulated as portion of the intervention for immune high blood pressure. The carotid fistula nervousnesss were stimulated inveterate utilizing implanted nervus electrodes and an implantable receiving system. However, t16 T. Reich, J. Tuckman, A.F. Lyon and J.H. Jacobson II, The effects of wireless frequence carotid fistula nervus stimulators in terrible high blood pressure, Surg Forum 18 ( 1967 ) , pp. 174-176.his technique ne'er became established as a possible therapy for high blood pressure. This was due to two chief grounds, one was the development of new pharmacological agents used in the intervention of high blood pressure ( e.g. ACE-Inhibitors ) and secondly because of proficient restrictions of implantable medical devices. ( TOIDOIR et al, 2007 ) More recent observations in inveterate instrumented animate beings have shown that the stimulation of carotid baroreflex can positively influenceA the long-run ordinance of arterial blood force per unit area. ( TOIDOIR et al, 2007 ) The Rheos System is an deep-rooted carotid fistula baroreflex triping system with a pulse generator and bilateral perivascular carotid fistula leads ( CSLs ) .It is has been and is still being evaluated in clinical tests for the intervention of drug-resistant high blood pressure. ( SANCHEZ et al, 2010 ) An of import clinical test was published last twelvemonth in Germany which tested this Rheos device. It looked at 7 work forces and 5 adult females ( an age scope crossing between 43 – 69 old ages ) who all suffered from immune arterial high blood pressure ( intervention resistant ) . Approximately one month before the survey took topographic point a â€Å" bilateral electric baroreflex stimulator † was implanted at the degree of the carotid fistula ; this was the Rheos device. Assorted things were measured including the intra-arterial blood force per unit area, bosom rate, plasma renin, musculus sympathetic nervus activity, cardiac and sympathetic baroreflex sensitiveness and norepinephrine concentrations. ( HEUSSER et al, 2010 ) These measurings were all performed under resting conditions, both with electric baroreflex stimulation and besides without electric baroreflex stimulation. The arterial blood force per unit area was 193 millimeter Hg ( plus or minus 9 ) over 94 ( plus or minus 5 ) millimeter Hg on medicines. The electric baroreflex stimulation reduced systolic blood force per unit area by 32 ( plus or minus10 ) millimeter Hg ( the scope being +7 to -108 mm Hg ; P=0.01 ) . ( HEUSSER et al, 2010 ) My reading would be that this is a really strong P value giving first-class grounds that this Rheos device is good for hypertensive patients. Muscle sympathetic nervus activity decreased rather aggressively when electric stimulation was started. After the lessening, there was an activity addition. However, throughout the existent stimulation period it remained below the baseline degree. Heart rate decreased 4.5 plus or minus 1.5 beats per minute with stimulation ( P & lt ; 0.05 ) . Again the P value here is important beef uping the grounds for Rheos device. The renin concentration in the plasma decreased 20 % plus or minus 8 % ( P & lt ; 0.05 ) . Yet once more here we have another important P value. The electric field stimulation of carotid fistula baroreflex did acutely decreased blood force per unit area in the patients. There were no negative effects on the existent physiological baroreflex ordinance. The response was mediated through sympathetic suppression. ( HEUSSER et al, 2010 ) MORE REVIEWS ON THIS Nephritic ARTERY DENERVATION: 1000 words Renal sympathetic hyperactivity is really associated with high blood force per unit area. Progression of high blood pressure can do chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) and bosom failure. A test was done in 2009 where nephritic sympathetic denervation was tested in patients who suffered from immune high blood pressure. The patients ‘ systolic blood force per unit areas were tantamount to 160 millimeters Hg or even higher ; they were all on 3 or more medicines for their high blood pressure ( this included a diuretic ) to reasonably measure blood force per unit area decrease effectivity every bit good as safety. The survey took on 50 patients who were all from five different European Centres. 5 patients were excluded from the nephritic denervation for anatomical grounds. They all received â€Å" transdermal radiofrequency catheter-based intervention † between the day of the months June 2007 to November 2008. They all besides had subsequent followup to 1 twelvemonth. ( Krum et al , 2009 ) The survey looked at the effectivity of nephritic sympathetic denervation. The primary end points included the blood force per unit areas at one, three, six, nine and twelve months after the process. In patients who had been treated with nephritic sympathetic denervation the baseline mean blood force per unit area was 177/101 millimeter Hg, ( average 4.7 antihypertensive medicines ) . The estimated GFR was 81 mL/min/1.73mA? . After the process the blood force per unit areas were reduced rather well. They were reduced by â€Å" -14/-10, -21/-10, -22/-11, -24/-11, and -27/-17 † millimeter Hg at one, three, six, nine and twelve months, severally. In the five patients who had non been treated, there was a average rise in blood force per unit area. The rises at one, three, six, nine and twelve months were â€Å" +3/-2, +2/+3, +14/+9 † , and +26/+17 mm Hg severally. ( Krum et al, 2009 ) The resultsA from this test were promising ; the catheter-based nephritic denervation caused sustained blood-pressure decrease in patients with immune high blood pressure. The decrease in blood force per unit area was rather significant and was without any serious inauspicious events. It was evaluated that more randomized clinical tests are necessary in order to look into the utility of this process farther. ( Krum et al, 2009 ) Equally good as this survey, another test was done the twelvemonth after ; this test was more big graduated table and was published in the Lancet. The purpose of this test was similar to the last 1 in that, they wanted to measure how effectual the catheter-based nephritic denervation in cut downing blood force per unit area in patients who had treatment-resistant high blood pressure was. The safety of the process was besides to be evaluated. In this randomized test, the patients used were those who had a systolic blood force per unit area of either 160 mmaˆ?Hg or more ( despite taking 3 or more antihypertensive drugs ) at the start of the test. These patients were indiscriminately allocated to hold the nephritic denervation with old intervention or to the other group: to keep old intervention entirely ( command group ) . The ratio for patients holding option 1 compared to option 2 was 1:1. The test included 24 take parting centres.A ( SYMPLICITY HTN-2 INVESTIGATORS et Al, 2010 ) 106 of the 190 patients ( this is tantamount to 56 % of the entire patients ) screened for eligibility were indiscriminately allocated to two different groups. The first group were the patients who were to have nephritic denervation, 52 patients were put here. The 2nd group was the control group, there were 54 patients put here. This happened between the day of the months June 2009 and January 2010. 49 of 52 patients who underwent the nephritic denervation were assessed after 6 months after the start of the test. 51 out of 54 patients who were in the control group were besides assessed after 6 months. In the nephritic denervation group, the blood force per unit areas were reduced by 32/12 mmaˆ?Hg, holding had a baseline of 178/96 mmaˆ?Hg, P & lt ; 0A ·0001. On the other manus, the blood force per unit area measurings in the control group were non different to the baseline blood force per unit areas, alteration of 1/0 mmaˆ?Hg, baseline being 178/97 mmaˆ?Hg. ( SYMPLIC ITY HTN-2 INVESTIGATORS et Al, 2010 ) The differences in both groups in footings of blood force per unit area at 6 months were hence 33/11 mmaˆ?Hg ( p & lt ; 0A ·0001 ) . The P value here is highly important, back uping grounds for this therapy. The happening of any inauspicious events was non different between the two groups. Overall, there were no studies about any serious procedure-related/device-related complications. It was evaluated that catheter-based nephritic denervation can well cut down blood force per unit area in patients with treatment-resistant hypertensive and can be used safely whilst making this. ( SYMPLICITY HTN-2 INVESTIGATORS et Al, 2010 ) REVIEWS ON THIS NEEDED BP VACCINE 500 words In carnal theoretical accounts, inoculation against renin has been shown to be effectual but has resulted in quite fatal autoimmune nephritic disease. Vaccines directed at angiotonin I and II and a section of the angiotonin 1 receptor did cut down blood force per unit area ( BP ) without doing autoimmune disease. In worlds, angiotonin I vaccination did non really cut down BP. ( GRADMAN et al, 2008 ) In the last twosome of old ages at that place has been some new grounds that a new blood force per unit area vaccinum could assist lower blood force per unit area. CYT-006-AngQb is a vaccinum in which a peptide derived from the angiotonin II molecule conjugates to the surface of virus-like atoms. ( PHISITKUL et al, 2009 ) The vaccinum was designed to assist dainty patients who suffered with high blood pressure. The vaccinum has the benefit of holding a comparatively durable consequence and therefore does non necessitate day-to-day dosing in comparing with pharmacological therapies. It was found that in hypertensive rat theoretical accounts, the vaccinum induced angiotensin-II-specific antibodies and decreased systolic blood force per unit area. This seems to be the method of how the vaccinum works. It is basically made up of a peptide which is derived from the Air National Guard II molecule, and this is so conjugated to the surface of virus like atoms. ( PHISITKUL et al, 2009 ) Presently, high blood pressure can be controlled sufficiently with bing drugs such as ACE inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers. However, intervention success is often restricted by patients who do non adhere to intervention. Immunisation against angiotonin II could work out this job. A celebrated survey was published in the Lancet merely over 2 old ages ago and it investigated the efficaciousness and safety of CYT006-AngQb. This is a vaccinum that is based on a virus-like atom ; the vaccinum marks angiotensin II in order to seek and cut down ambulatory blood force per unit area. ( TISSOT et al, 2008 ) The test was a placebo-controlled randomized â€Å" stage IIa † test. It consisted of 72 patients who suffered from mild-to-moderate high blood pressure. They were all were indiscriminately assigned to have injections of one of the undermentioned doses: 100 I?g of CYT006-AngQb, 300 I?g CYT006-AngQb or placebo. There were patients in each of the 3 groups. They were given their dosage at 3 different intervals ( hebdomads 0, 4, and 12 ) . Twenty four hr ambulatory blood force per unit area was measured twice, one time before intervention and so at hebdomad 14.A The reading was as follows: immunization with CYT006-AngQb vaccinum was linked with no serious inauspicious events which was assuring. In peculiar, the 300 I?g dosage decreased blood force per unit area in patients who had mild-to-moderate high blood pressure during the daylight ( chiefly in the early forenoon ) . ( TISSOT et al, 2008 ) This new vaccinum inhibits the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system ( RAAS ) . This has made many clinicians question whether it is safe suppressing the actions of angiotonin II for several months? Some surveies have argued that suppression of the renin- angiotensin- aldosterone system could be unsafe as the suppression could do salt and volume depletion and hence dangerous hyperkalaemia. a farther of import safety issue would be whether perennial stimulation of the immune system by supporter doses of a peptide could can do autoimmune disease ( SAMUELSSON et al, 2008 ) Although there are many inquiries remain sing efficaciousness and safety, RAAS immunisation represents a really advanced attack to anti hypertensive intervention. ( GRADMAN et, 2008 ) Given the mechanism of the vaccinum CYT-006-AngQb, and the first-class potency of complementing other high blood pressure interventions, success in ongoing stage II tests in patients with high blood pressure would do this therapy a valuable add-on for advisers handling hypertensive patients. ( PHISITKUL et al, 2009 ) Current intervention: 500 words Presently a broad scope of drugs are available for patients who suffer from high blood pressure. The chief 1s include water pills, sympathomimetic receptor adversaries, sympathomimetic receptor agonists, ca impart blockers, ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin II receptor adversaries and aldosterone adversaries. The chief diuretic most normally used in clinical practise isA bendroflumethiazide, which is a thiazide water pill. Other thiazide water pills include: Diuril, Microzide and epitizide. Loop water pills include: butmetanide, ethacrynic acid, Lasix and torsemide. Thiazide like water pills include: Hygroton, Lozal and metolazone. In add-on, there are besides potassium saving water pills which include amiloride, triamterene and Aldactone. Adrenergic receptor adversaries include foremost alpha blockers, secondly beta blockers and eventually assorted alpha and beta blockers. Examples of alpha blockers include Minipress, A Hytrin, Cardura, tolazoline, trimazosin, Vasomax, indoramin and phenoxybenzamine. Some illustrations of beta blockers include: Sectral, Tenormin, bisoprolol, Lopressor, oxprenolol, Visken, propanaolol, sotalol, and Blocadren. Assorted alpha and beta blockers include bucindolol, carvedilol and lebetalol. Alpha blockers tend to be non recommended as first line intervention for high blood pressure. Alpha-2 agonists include Catapres, alpha methyl dopa and guanfacine. Calcium channel adversaries include amlodipine, diltiazem, felodipine, isradipine, lacidipine, lercanidipine, nicardipine, nifedipine, nisoldipine, and Calan. Examples of ACE inhibitors are: Capoten, cilazapril, Vasotec, fisinopril, Prinival, perindopril, quinapril, Altace, and Mavik. There are assorted angiotensin II receptor adversaries including: candesartan, eprosartan, irbesartan, losartan, olmesartan, telmisartan and Diovan. Finally, aldosterone adversaries include eplerenone and Aldactone. Talk ABOUT DIFFERENT CLASSES AND NICE GUIDELINES. Conformity + attachment to intervention: In footings of conformity to anti hypertensive medicine, there are some rather lurid figures. It has been stated that the bulk of over 1 billion hypertensive patients around the universe really remain with uncontrolled blood force per unit area. Furthermore, among existent hypertensive patients who do have anti hypertensive intervention, at least half of them fail to make presently recommended blood force per unit area marks ( in most states ) . ( GUPTA et al, 2010 ) It has been estimated that about 30 per centum of the grownup population in the United Kingdom are hypertensive, with their blood force per unit areas being over 140/90A millimeters Hg. It is either over 140/90 millimeters Hg or they are on blood force per unit area take downing medication.A Apparently, over half of hypertensives in the United Kingdom are non even on any intervention, and in add-on about half ( possibly even more ) of the people who are on the anti hypertensive intervention have blood force per unit areas over the existent threshold, 140 over 90A millimeters Hg. WHO ( World Health Organization ) estimates that about 50 to 70 % of patients do non take their antihypertensive medicine, and has described poor/non attachment to anti hypertensive medicine as the most important cause of uncontrolled /poorly controlled blood force per unit area. ( MANT et al, 2006 ) A systematic reappraisal was done in 2004 of randomized controlled tests which had looked at attachment to medicine with regard to blood force per unit area control. It was found that in seven of the tests an betterment in attachment to medicine was really associated with a lessening in blood force per unit area. However in a farther seven tests, a lessening in blood force per unit area was achieved even though there had been no betterment in attachment. Although this demonstrates that attachment to medicine is n't the lone factor involved in good blood force per unit area control, it predicts that it is most likely the chief factor. ( SCHROEDER et al, 2004 ) It has been reported than in the USA merely thirty five per centum of patients who suffer from high blood pressure have achieved equal blood force per unit area control. Unfortunately, non-compliance is one of the main barriers to intervention of high blood pressure. Vaccines against high blood pressure, injected every 4 – 6 months, can to an extent combat non-compliance. ( DO et al, 2010 ) High blood pressure unfortunately remains uncontrolled in over 50 % of treated patients. Some of the barriers which prevent good high blood pressure control include those that are physician-related, patient centred and all those related to the wellness system. The designation of uncontrolled high blood pressure and immune high blood pressure require good attending to accurate blood force per unit area measuring. Awareness of lifestyle factors, secondary causes of high blood pressure and right intervention are all important to designation of uncontrolled high blood force per unit area and immune high blood pressure. ( WOFFORD et al, 2009 ) There was a really interesting paper published last twelvemonth which looked at aged patients and conformity to anti hypertensive medicines. It was shown that up to a 3rd of aged hypertensive patients do non adhere to their medicine. Attachment to these medicines lessenings with increasing age, and besides with diminishing cognitive ability. Therefore more aged patients who are besides cognitively-impaired have poorer control of their blood force per unit area. Good control of blood force per unit area has been associated with reduced prevalence of both Alzheimer ‘s disease and dementedness, hence it is imperative that this category of the population is carefully monitored with regard to conformity to medicine. ( GARD et al, 2010 ) Decision In decision, the intervention of high blood force per unit area is more or less based on both drug therapy and lifestyle intercessions. Both of these things require patient attachment to be effectual. Unfortunately hapless conformity is seen in both of these attacks ; this is the chief ground for deficient blood force per unit area control. ( SAMUELSSON et al, 2008 ) Electrical field stimulation of carotid fistula baroreflex sensory nerves will acutely diminish arterial blood force per unit area in some patients who have treatment-resistant arterial high blood pressure or who are antihypertensive drugs. The stimulation will go forth the existent baroreflex map undisturbed. ( HEUSSER et al, 2010 ) This surgically deep-rooted Rheos device ( which electrically stimulates the carotid baroreflex system ) can be placed safely in a patient and will bring forth rather a important acute lessening in blood force per unit area without any major side effects. ( ILLIG et al, 2006 ) The catheter-based nephritic sympathetic denervation in add-on to standard pharmacologic therapy has shown to diminish high blood force per unit area values by a high magnitude ; this is likely to be priceless in diminishing the hazards of shot, bosom failure, shot and chronic renal failure which are all major slayers in the United Kingdom. ( Katholi et al, 2009 ) If inoculation against high blood force per unit area was both safe and effectual in the hereafter, it would perchance work out many jobs of non-compliance and non attachment to medicine. The test published in 2008 in the Lancet was true rather little and the writers even say themselves that more big graduated table surveies need to be carried out in order to demo the safety and efficaciousness of antibodies against angiotonin II in patients with high blood force per unit area. However, the consequences of this new vaccinum are really promising, and inoculation for high blood pressure may turn out to be really positive in many patients. ( HERLITZ et al, 2008 ) In decision, the three new drug therapies that I have talked about all have great possible ; hopefully they will all go successful therapies for future intervention immune hypertensive patients.

Descriptive

Mikala Williams Writing Sample Word Count: 469 On the campus of the University of Maryland Eastern Shore there are a plethora of beautiful buildings that signify greatness. The architecture of the buildings is brilliant and gives the campus a sense of exquisiteness. The thoughts that go through the minds of incoming freshman could only be about what there roommate will be like, if they will be able to manage their classes and so on. The living conditions in the dorms are respectable and are suitable for any residential student.But not only is the atmosphere of a campus highly anticipated by incoming freshman, housing and dorms are also apart of the excitement. As a freshman here at UMES, I was assigned to live in a building known as University of Terrace, on the third floor. The dorm is an all girl freshman dorm and is located on the farthest end of the entire campus, getting to classes is quite a walk. Because â€Å"UT† is newest dormitory on campus, it was built away from th e buildings where most classes are held. The dorms are almost perfect in size, not too small or too large.The more space the more miscellaneous things that would become clutter. A bathroom, which isn’t exactly what I’d call home, connects two rooms. First opening the wooden door and pushing the metal handle down, it was cold and didn’t have a â€Å"homey† feeling. Surrounded by white brick walls floored with flattened carpet that seems to go with almost any color. As far as a working space, it’s pretty simple. It includes a basic wooden desk and cushioned chair under it. Once I unpacked and â€Å"spiced up the place† a bit, the room didn’t look too bad.As with every housing building there are rules to be abide by and upheld. My building’s Residential Assistant, better known as RA’s, made it apparent that all residences are required to follow the rules and procedures. Every Tuesday, RA’s conduct weekly room inspect ions, to make sure that residences adhere to keeping the bathrooms and rooms clean and neat. Another great facet of the dorm is that the air-conditioning and heating systems work wonderfully. Although, there are some defects with the dorm regulations.As ar as visitation hours are concerned residence cant just have anyone the rooms. Male visitors can only stay until 2a. m. , but female visitors can stay for three nights in a row. All in all, the housing at UMES is generally a great experience. It’s not too much of a problem that the visitation hours aren’t that great, but that would be a great asset to living in UT. In regard to great assets, the conditions are livable and as long as maintained, that aspect should remain. Even though there are some downsides to staying in the halls, overall the experience is a good one, indeed. Descriptive Shaun Bankston Chris Chandler English 101-526 Descriptive Essay 27 September 2012 The Greatest Sport in the World American NFL football is the greatest sport in the world. Many would ask why I think this. The Gridiron as we all know it is a very magnificent, strategic, and violent sport. Football can easily catch the unknowing eye of anybody. American football is the greatest sport in the world because of the tailgating, my personal opinion, and the strategy of the game.Through rain or shine, day or night, hail or sleet it really doesn’t matter what the weather is to tailgate. No matter what Mother Nature throws at tailgaters, tailgating is all about having fun. A great NFL stadium tailgate is a slight to behold. Tailgating also offer unhealthy, fatty, and grilled food in its godly goodness. People tend to bring elephant size tents with multiple fat screen televisions when tailgating. The only thing on tailgaters minds are football and partying.Tailgaters can even play footbal l with complete strangers and have their own Tailgating Bowl. The majority of American NFL football games are played on Sunday’s. My anticipation for Sunday NFL games is like a kid waiting to open up his presents on Christmas morning. My first time being inside the New Orleans Superdome which is now the Mercedes-Benz Superdome is one of the greatest feelings ever. The crowds were always loud, sounding like twenty eight wheelers revving up at the same damn time.Looking over the saints’ fans can be described as a black and gold sea. The feeling of being at an American NFL football game is like nothing else in the world. It’s like your parents buying you that brand new car you always wanted for your 18th birthday. American Football in my eyes is the most exciting sport in the world. Nearly every football fan thinks he or she can coach a NFL team. No other sport requires so much thinking. Football is a game of strategy and tactics. There are plays and counter-plays, rather than players running themselves illy for 90 minutes straight. Football is like Violent Chess. It's a smart and hard-hitting game, a combination that other sports lack. Due to the NFL tailgating, my personal opinion, and the strategy of the game, Football is the greatest sport on the planet. Football has a lot to offer. What I mean by that is it teaches kids about working as a team and can also teach leadership as well as discipline. Which nowadays is a tough lesson to teach? That in its self is the biggest reason why this sport is so great.

Minimum of Two Suggests That Family Can Be Both a Blessing and a Curse

In Tim Winton’s collection of short stories, ‘Minimum of Two’, family is a major, recurring theme. Winton displays his interest in exploring the idea of family within each story differently, containing the positive and negative influence that family has on the actions and emotions of the Nilsam family and his alternative protagonists. In ‘Distant Lands’, he deals with the feeling of obligation towards and the traditional expectations of family whilst in ‘The Water Was Dark’ the focus is on a need to separate oneself from negative family completely. Laps’ focuses on how family can help you move on from her past. Winton has a strong belief that family shapes the kind of person one becomes, regardless of whether that is a good, or bad natured person. Within the short story ‘Distant Lands’, although it is portrayed subtly, family plays an important role. We are told of Fat Maz’s parents; her mother, who sits in the family shop for the majority of her day, emitting ‘dull thudding’ sounds from the register and Maz’s father, who is portrayed as a hot headed, intimidating individual. As Winton goes on to display Maz’s character, which contains attributes the likes of reserved, self-conscious yet quietly ambitious, we are made to create a link between Maz’s persona and her parents, that of which one is silent and dismal and the other unapproachable, and the realization that it was the impact of her family that has built the aspects her character by failing to restore her confidence and paying little to no attention of whether Maz had her own ambitions. This contributes to her overall quietness. The Water Was Dark’ has it’s protagonist, ‘the girl’, who is struggling to escape from the negativity of her mother. The girl lists her mother’s many faults bitterly and her mother’s poor decisions’ impact show heavily as we read in to the girl’s thoughts. The girl has no actual stability that she feels in her life and she is angry at her mother because her mother is to be blamed. She actually says in many a sense that her life would collectively improve if her mother rid herself of the poisonous things in her life, like drinking and being isolated. Basically, the state of the girl’s family is so ruined that she herself becomes destructive. Despite the lack of encouragement, in ‘Distant Lands’ Maz’s parents actually follow the traditional expectations associated with family. They give Maz a roof over a head and a secure, paying job in a small town. It is not what Maz wants however it is a safe, stable environment and so Maz feels a sense of debt towards her family. ‘Laps’ revolves around Queenie and her family. Queenie’s daughter Dot provides a great contrast in regards to most of the adolescents Winton writes. She is not only in a secure and stabile lifestyle, but she is content. It could be argued that this is because she is younger than other characters explored by Winton however given that Queenie and Cleve are in a healthy marriage and they openly show their pride, care and love towards their daughter, it is clear that Dot will be provided with a more normal, happy life. Every Family is different from the other. Certain are functional and certain are falling apart at the seams. The short stories of Minimum of Two explore this through different experiences and circumstances which directly reflect on how the characters are portrayed. Family is a huge aspect of a person’s identity. Throughout the stories, Winton gives us examples of how the support and love of family are required for one to be fully satisfied with life and truly be aware of their identity. The absence of this supportive, healthy family will most likely outcome in a never-ending negativity for the members within that family. In most instances, the impact of family can either act as a curse that increases one’s isolation and negativity or a blessing that provides a sense of belonging and contentment, not only with the family itself but also with the broader world. Mainly, the stories of Minimum of Two suggest that regardless of being moral or immoral, family shapes oneself.

Potential Rewards and Risks of Strategies for International Essay

Potential Rewards and Risks of Strategies for International Organisations - Essay Example Planning and preparation of strategies for an organisation become very crucial as those, at times, determine the fate of the organisation. Globalisation is the modern approach of business. Many organisations operate their business globally providing it with huge market to operate. In the present context, the strategies of an organisation are quite developed which mostly deal with the overall development of the business enterprise, generally focusing on the growth of the organisation, nationally and internationally. Strategies can be referred to the set of plans which are prepared and developed by the higher level of management of the organisation. This paper involves with the reasons behind the preparation and usage of strategies by the organisation. It also includes the means of strategies used by the organisations for their international operations (John & Gillies, 1996). Reasons behind the International Businesses Usage of Strategies Strategies are prepared by an organisation with an intention to deal with any unfavoured consequences, if occurred, in future context and so to grow the business in both future and present context. A well planned strategy helps to organise and to allocate the available resources of an organisation into a distinct and feasible position focusing on the internal competencies and drawbacks. Strategies prepared by the organisation are expected to anticipate changes in the environment and the moves taken by intelligent competitors (John & Gillies, 1996). ... Strategies are prepared by the organisations with various intentions. Quite a few strategies are prepared by the organisations which operate its business nationally and internationally. Strategies once prepared help an organisation to achieve a clear sense of direction for the business which also helps the organisation to take a forward view and establish a clear set of objectives and goals. Strategies prepared by the management have proved to be helpful for the better functioning of the business as they provide important integrating and co-ordinating function for the companies operating largely in context of economy. Strategies are prepared by the internationally functioning organisation to ascertain the marketing trends and to help the organisation by supporting it with sustainable growth. Strategies help the organisation through this role of co-ordination to minimize intra-organisational conflict including tensions in headquarters and relationships among subsidiaries. The higher l evel managers of organisation prepare strategies as it serves as a guide to action, providing a framework for the companies functioning and operating their business worldwide to take operational and administrative decisions. The strategies encourage the corporate performance by maximising strengths and opportunities, minimizing weaknesses and treats. Strategies enable an organisation to respond successfully to the uncertainty, complexity and competitiveness of the international business environment encountered by firms of increasing global scope (Mintzberg, 2003). Preparation of the strategies is done by the management with great attention. There are various required fields where

John Kerry's Political Portrait Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

John Kerry's Political Portrait - Essay Example In response to Rice’s remark that â€Å"The rise of the insurgency was an ‘unforeseen’ development in Iraq, Kerry said, â€Å"There was nothing "unforeseen" about the insurgent’s re-emergence. He added that â€Å"The U.S. military ‘encouraged’ them to vanish from the battlefield, promising to pay them if they did so, but we didn't pay them". This resulted in their becoming angry and organized. To understand the situation, he himself went on a tour to Iraq. This shows that Kerry firmly believes in studying and analyzing the situations first hand.Though Sen. John Kerry has been a known figure in national politics since 1971, it was during the Presidential elections campaign that we could see a multifaceted personality during all of the TV shows, debates, and election rallies. He started off as a lone ranger, in contrast to the huge hype created around President Bush, but gradually succeeded in picking up the pace solely on the basis of his unc anny ability to address the issues in right perspective. His grasp on foreign affairs has been the key to giving his popularity graph a big boost. Though George W. Bush appears to have an edge as far as mesmerizing the audience is concerned but John Kerry makes his mark amongst the intellectuals. As the campaign progressed, the general public too started taking notice of his able leadership and he was able to put up a tough fight in front of George Bush.In national politics, Massachusetts has remained overwhelmingly Democratic (Almanac, 2006). The state voted for John Kerry 62%-37% in 2004. George W. Bush could top 40% only in Plymouth County and Cape Cod, and the northeast Boston suburbs in Essex County. Politics in Massachusetts for years has been a kind of culture war between Yankee Republicans and Irish Democrats. With a population of 6,349,097 (Almanac, 206) and rural-urban composition of 8.6%-91.4%, the state today boasts of almost 100% employment figures. That’s indeed a feather in the cap of the officials representing the state. The prosperity of the people in the state is further evident by the rising income levels of the people with the majority of the job holders (i.e. 67%) being white collar, while 18.7% hold blue collar and 14.3% hold gray collar jobs.  

A Valuable Tool for Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

A Valuable Tool for Learning - Essay Example It is worth noting that in recent years, CIT has been utilized in newer settings, including the determination of poor and effective service episodes in the retail and healthcare industries. A comprehensive review of these contemporary uses of CIT specifically in the healthcare sector is provided by Kemppainen (2000). Critical incident analysis permits the emergence –instead of the imposition – of an evaluative framework and concentrates on the occurrences and dimensions of the patient experience that are most prominent, striking, and with a greater likelihood to be recounted to others (Ruben, 1993). This paper thus presents a critical incident and uses reflective analysis to draw insights from the incident, with the ultimate goal of improving patient service. A secondary goal is to derive personal lessons which I may use for my own professional development. The following portion expounds on the value of reflective learning and analysis, as a means of gaining insight from a critical incident. †¦ the process of internally examining and exploring an issue of concern, triggered by an experience, which creates and clarifies meaning in terms of self and which results in a changed conceptual perspective. As a process, reflection is integrated into numerous conceptual frameworks (Hutchinson & Allen, 1997; Kember et al., 1999; Riley-Doucet & Wilson, 1997). I have chosen Johns’ (1994) framework for structured reflection for this analyzing the critical incident. Johns model for structured reflection can be utilized as a guide for reflecting on a critical incident or general reflection on an experience. This would be useful for more complicated decision making and analysis at levels 3 and 4. Johns (1994) advocates the need for the learner to work with a supervisor throughout their learning experience. He refers to this as guided reflection and recommends that students use a structured diary.

Artist critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Artist critique - Essay Example lasted for more than six centuries still exhumes realistic features of the early society with the artists portraying specific features of the painting thereby communicating as effective as he had fist anticipated. Renaissance refers to the period of rebirth; in culture and art, the period witnessed an increase in knowledge pioneered by some of the most realistic scientific inventions and religious realizations that have shaped the society to this date. Artists captured the social developments in their critical art works which helped portrays specific features of the society through the eyes of the artists. Italy has remained a strategic society in the development of both religion and scientific knowledge with most of Italian scholars and artists being among pioneers of the modern day knowledge. Piero della Francesca is therefore one of such artists who seek to portray features of the religion in the early Italian society. His works and type of painting influenced several others artists including Melozzo da Forlà ¬ and Fra Carnevale both of who were his fellow Italians. Piero della Francesca painted Saint Jerome and a Supplicant, in 1450 as his representation and criticism of the Christian faith that had spread to various parts of the continent. Religious art works were famous at the time as the Catholic Church sought to use such art to improve the reputation of the church. Most of such arts hung in churches and in homes of some of the leading figures in the church. The painting displays currently in New York museum of art. Still life is the subject matter in the painting, which adopts an abstract approach to art and the portrayal of the society in such works. The painter provides an abstract portrayal of the society developing a visible background, middle ground and fore ground in his image thereby communicating effectively through the painting. The activity in the painting centers on Saint Jerome, possibly a leader of the church at the time. The old frail man

Financial analysis of Coca-Cola Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10500 words

Financial analysis of Coca-Cola - Dissertation Example This paper describes Coca Cola Company and gives its financial statement analysis. Coca Cola, the largest manufacturer and distributor of non-alcoholic beverages, concentrates and syrups has had its humble start in 1886 with an initial investment of US $ 70. This one man business enterprise has risen to a vast empire with its capital base of US $ 50 billion. Truly a rag to riches story, Coca Cola has made itself a household name in more than 200 countries with a total of 400 variety products, and is now the ring leader in the soft drink scenario. The singularity of Coca Cola in the soft drink market is apparent through its enviable consuming rate of more than one billion drinks per day. It is wrong to assume that this soft drink company has had its journey equally on a soft path; its triumphant journey through various ups and downs in its history can be looked upon as a substantial material for case study in business strategy. The fast pace in economic and regulatory changes coupled with globalization of business activities have increased the complexity and importance of financial management. Financial management, as an integral part of overall management, are interrelated with economics, accounting, marketing, production, and quantitative methods. A basic knowledge of macro and microeconomics is necessary to understand and formulate institutional framework aimed at increased profit making. The scope and function of financial management is categorized into two broader types namely, Traditional Approach and Modern Approach.

Principles of Good Corporate Governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Principles of Good Corporate Governance - Essay Example Corporate governance is a complex amalgamation of legal, moral and economic/financial issues closely associated with financial scandals, concerns of stakeholders, and social/environmental activism, all rolled up in one. It raises several critical concerns regarding the manner in which the organizations must operate; the moral/ethical responsibilities of companies towards the stakeholders; the financial responsibilities towards their directors and shareholders; and ways to uphold the interests in the larger benefit of the society/community. However, one of the most crucial aspects of corporate governance is to ascertain that the individuals in the organization are held morally accountable for their business practices or their actions and repercussions of the same, towards the society (Colley, 2003, Pp. 13 - 18). The Body Shop – a company with activism as a part of its DNA is a prime example of companies, with ethics as one of its core business practices. The company gave prime importance to a range of social issues through its campaigns - such as the one against human rights abuses; policies in favor of animal and environmental protection; its commitment to society through charity etc., to name a few. It was one of the few commercial organizations which revolutionized the corporate world, through the incorporation of ethical principles as a part of its core business practices (Witcher, Chau, 2010, Pp. 43 - 45). The company was taken over by a leading cosmetics brand, L’Oreal, with drastically different business practices, in the year 2006. As opposed to The Body Shop, L’Oreal on the other hand, involved in animal testing, which caused a furor among animal rights activist, in the process giving bad repute to the trusted brand. Positive and negative lessons learned from these business practices and approaches One of the key lessons learned, from the case of The Body Shop is the fact that contrary to popular opinion, hard-core commercial organi zations, as opposed to not-for-profit organizations, can also implement socially relevant business practices, which have the greater interests of the community at large. The company successfully implemented such principles during the 1990s thus, revolutionizing the profit-oriented and highly commercial competitive corporate world. Furthermore, it is also reaffirmed that the contemporary corporate world, must seek to pursue social and environmental issues, and be more stakeholder-oriented in their approach, rather than profit-seeking, stockholder oriented one. The 21st century has given rise to a phenomenon called ethical consumerism. The consumers today are far more aware of social and environmental issues and are highly active in defending their rights. Companies which tend to ignore their interests might have to face a mass boycott of their products, as is observed in several instances in the past such as the case of Nestle and Nike in the 1990s and The Body Shop in the recent tim es (Crane, Matten, 2007, Pp. 421 - 423). Thus over and above the legal consequences, the companies are at risk of losing their brand image and garnering a bad reputation among the public, thus having a serious negative impact on their competitive positioning the industry translating into huge financial losses.

Native American, Cochise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Native American, Cochise - Essay Example However, this traditional system of governance was gradually disrupted by the whites. In their quest to overturn the traditional, the white settlers faced some form of fierce resistance from the Native Americans under the leadership of their chiefs and these conflicts resulted in bloodshed in different situations. One of the chiefs remembered for his sworn hatred and resistance to American dominance is Cochise. The history of Cochise is a must read since it enlightens the readers about the events that took place in the 17th century before the birth of ‘democracy’ in America which characterises the present day government in this country. Cochise was an Apache Indian Chief and his territory covered parts of Arizona and New Mexico (HistoryNet, 2013. There are various key events that defined Cochise such as his involvement in different battles against the white settlers. When the white settlers invaded America, they were resisted by the natives which culminated in different battles. Cochise played a significant role in waging some of these battles in defence for their peace. The critical event in the history of Cochise happened in 1872 when a high powered delegation was dispatched to negotiate with him in order to stop Apache war in the Southern Arizona. According to Sweeney (n.d), the top officials sent from Washington had realised that Cochise was the key person to approach in order to obtain lasting peace with the Chiricahua apaches. Thus, it can be seen that this person was critical in as far as the attainment of peace was concerned. Born around 1810, Cochise grew up in the native America but somehow during his mid thirties, things began to change as they started experiencing some conflicts with the Mexicans as well as the white settlers. Having assumed chieftainship around this age, Cochise had no problem settling with these new comers. However, the turning point was in 1860 when cattle belonging to whites were raided and a child was kidnapped. Co chise was suspect in this incident and was summoned together with his family to try to address this issue. This led to the arrest of his family but he managed to escape and from then started to wage war with the whites in revenge for killing members of his family. After the incident, various battles ensued between Cochise’s people and the Americans and Mexicans and these resulted in loss of life. Cochise declared hatred against the white Americans for killing his people and he dedicated himself to fight until the bitter end in defence of his homeland and people. Originally, the Indians lived in the mountainous mountains in the Southwest and they managed to defend their homeland territory under the chieftainship of their great king until a peace treaty was signed in 1872. Up until today, Cochise is one of the few people recognised in the American history for waging a bitter war against the whites in defence of their territorial integrity and sovereignty. He is one of the nativ es to cause sleepless nights to the Americans since they could not easily subdue this great fighter who had a combative battalion. Up until the end, Cochise came to be admired by the Americans for his outstanding guerrilla warfare skills that resulted in the death of many Americans. Though he also lost a great number of his own people through these conflicts, Cochise was not defeated in his cause for defending the territorial integrity of his homeland. He is remembers as one native fighter who defeated the

English as a Second Language Essay Example for Free

English as a Second Language Essay America is truly a great nation. With all its progress, everyone outside the country desire to live and migrate in this country. In fact, it has become a popular migration destination aside from Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Thus, in every city in America, there are communities of people with diverse culture and origin. Hence, this paper attempts to dissect the policies being implemented by the government concerning English as a second language in America. History  The history of Bilingual Education in the United States can be traced in the founding of America as the nation’s founder adopted neither an official language nor a government-sanctioned body to regulate speech (Ovando, 2003, p. 1). Carlos T. Ovando of the Arizona State University reveals that behind the monolingual culture image of America, thousands of other American Indian languages were spoken in the 15th century, paving for the complexities and diversities in the linguistic culture of America. But Ovando says, most of these languages were filtered along with their cultural realities, as the founders envisioned a â€Å"country with a unified history, traditions, and a common language† (2003, p. 2). Ovando noted that this vision was based in general on the English system and schooling practices (2003, p. 2). But, language policy controversies from the beginning not prevented the founders to enforce a mono-language system or to regulate speech (2003, p. 2). During that time European language particularly Spanish was dominant that they were treated with respect more likely than others, and their speaker being accommodated in school and government services. Ovando calls this formative period as the period of â€Å"linguistic tolerance† because of the absence of strong and solid policy on language diversity (Ovando, p. 3). As the influx of immigrants from European countries continuous, diversity of language continuous to widen as immigrants hang on to their maternal languages. Thus, in the 19th century, laws were passed authorizing Bilingual Education. American states were allowed bilingual instructions in public and private schools (Ovando, p. 4). Research Many individual Americans were so concerned to have a national language and this reflected in the slogan â€Å"one country one language† (Ovando and Willey as cited in the work of Reid and Bourne, p. 141). The most notable was Noah Webster who attempted to create â€Å"a unique national character defined by common American English (Ovando and Willey as cited in the work of Reid and Bourne, p. 41). Their desire must be legitimate since English language has now been spoken around the world by about 1. 5 billion people. That means, English language has now become global and a stand as a medium of communication world wide. Thus, there is a need to teach English on schools not only in America but in every country of the world. Jill Bourne and Evan Reid pointed out that because of English is widely spoken; it has a wide range of context from air-traffic control down to popular music (p. 161). These according to Reid and Bourne create a need to learn English language to be able to communicate internationally. In the report made by Patricia Anne DiCerbo, throughout America, many foreign students are enrolling ranging from elementary to high schools, which’s common reason is migration from many parts of the world; and the dominant group among other groups is the Spanish-speaking people who are mostly coming from Latin America. She also noted that this group of students is the fastest growing group in the United States. These students are facing a lot of challenges in terms of academic performance because of language barrier. This problem poses some problems; for instance, in her (DiCerbo’s) report, about fifty-fifty percent of Latino Youth are having the opportunity to graduate or finish high school. This simple report gave DiCerbo a perception that English Language Learning should be given to foreign students. Ovando in the book English Language Learning in America pointed out some reasons or fears why English language is now being pushed (as cited by Reid and Bourne, p. 138). A lot of Americans are worried about the influx of immigrants from Latin America for fear they may pose threat to the cultural integrity of the nation. There are common concerns that American cities will be filled with Spanish or German-speaking aliens; and they live for years speaking only their own mother tongue and will never learn English (Reid and Bourne, p. 138). Another thing is that they fear that foreign language speakers may weakened the national body of politics as what had happened in Quebec, Canada because of the dominant French speaking aliens. Ovando quoted Governor Dick Lamn’s statement emphasizing the need to make English the official language in schools and in government. The statement said â€Å"immigrants who fail to assimilate in the society are social time bombs. † Finally, Ovando emphasized that in order for any one to get ahead; one has to be fluent in English (p. 138). In view of the above historical background, there is no reason to reject English Language Learning for it does in the first place, emphasize the need for everyone to learn and be fluent in English. Carrasquillo and Rodriguez said that ELL students are encouraged to learn academic and skills in English (p. 20). English Language Learning according to them means only of advancing simultaneously in the stages of developing interpersonal skills, mastering subject area content and skills, and acquiring academic language proficiency for each subject area, all in their second language which is English (Carrasquillo and Rodriguez, p. 0). Through retention of ELL, limited English proficient students are given the opportunity to cope up deficiencies in learning using English as medium of communication. Theory For us to be able to make a conclusion regarding the issue of bilingual policy in education, it would be important to understand the theoretical argument regarding this matter. There are various theories about bilingual policies of the United States but as space constraint, this paper cited only one theory although, there are several theories that discussed about bilingual education in the United States such as theory of Kloss (1977-1988) regarding the tolerant mood during the formative years; Baron (1990) emphasizing on slight development of English Language for the past two hundred years; REcinto (1998) which is talking about poor language minorities. It is easy to agree that these theories help in understanding language policies, especially on making conclusion about the issue. As Ovando pointed out that history is full of evidence that support any of these theories. The theory of Heath (1983-1990) tells us that the relationship between the literacy practices from each community corresponds closely to the literacy practice and expectation of the school. Heath found out that children from other community with English as their second language excel in their own community but fell behind in school. These children are perceived as lacking in school readiness skills at the point of entry. This means that children having native language aside from English would have poor academic performance because of language deficiencies which supposed to be not since curriculum-wise, American schools are better. Foreign students are having deficiency in terms of literacy level because of racial division or factor. Conclusion America is an English-speaking nation and English language is the internationally accepted language. It is the sovereign right of America to enforce to its citizens the use of their tongue as official medium of instruction both in public and private, as well as in government. Language is very important and it is a unifying instrument of a nation. After centuries of tolerance, it is high time that America unites its citizens by being monolingual. This is highly important since America has become the convergence of many nations such as African, Asians, European and other languages in the world. If each of the foreign community living in the United States will use instructional materials in their native tongue, as well as use it as a medium of instruction inside the classroom, America is in danger of breaking into pieces their culture and language. In the same way, the government offered the ELL as a means to help immigrant students to cope up with the difficulty of speaking English in the classroom. This training provides necessary practices and lesson in order to develop communication skills among the students. Also, ELL is offered in all schools in America as part of the curriculum of students whose native language is not English. Thus, the ELL is thoroughly learned and mastered through which, students learn mastery of the language as well as skills of communication in English. In the words of Carlos Ovando, children need to learn the English language for them to get ahead.

Depth first-aid and the branches of it Essay Example for Free

Depth first-aid and the branches of it Essay First Aid, emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. First aid may save a life or improve certain vital signs including pulse, temperature, a patent (unobstructed) airway, and breathing. In minor emergencies, first aid may prevent a victims condition from worsening and provide relief from pain. First aid must be administered as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life. The First aid measures depend upon a victims needs and the providers level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to permanent spinal injury and paralysis. Despite the variety of injuries possible, several principles of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. Determine that the scene of the accident is safe before attempting to provide first aid. The victim, if conscious should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, assess the scene, asking bystanders or the injured persons family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and preexisting conditions such as diabetes or heart trouble. The victim should be checked for a medical bracelet or card that describes special medical conditions. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim. First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. One method for evaluating a victims condition is known by the acronym ABCs, which stands for: A Airwayis it open and unobstructed? B Breathingis the person breathing? Look, listen, and feel for breathing. C Circulationis there a pulse? Is the person bleeding externally? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems. Once obvious injuries have been evaluated, the injured persons head should be kept in a neutral position in line with the body. If no evidence exists to suggest potential skull or spinal injury, place the injured person in a comfortable position. Positioned on one side, a victim can vomit without choking or obstructing the airway. Before treating specific injuries, protect the victim from shocka depression of the bodys vital functions that, left untreated, can result in death. Shock occurs when blood pressure (pressure exerted against blood vessel walls) drops and the organs do not receive enough blood, depriving them of oxygen and nutrients. The symptoms of shock are anxiety or restlessness; pale, cool, clammy skin; a weak but rapid pulse; shallow breathing; bluish lips; and nausea. These symptoms may not be apparent immediately, as shock can develop several hours after an accident. To prevent shock, the victim should be covered with blankets or warm clothes to maintain a normal body temperature. The victims feet should be elevated. Because of the danger of abdominal injuries, nothing should be administered by mouth. Asphyxiation occurs when air cannot reach the lungs, cutting off the supply of oxygen to circulating blood. This can cause irreparable damage to the brain. Among the causes of asphyxiation are drowning, gas poisoning, overdose of narcotics, electrocution, choking, and strangulation. Victims may collapse, be unable to speak or breathe, and have bluish skin. Most people will suffer brain death within four to six minutes after breathing ceases unless first aid is administered. In the case of choking, a procedure known as the Heimlich maneuver can be used to clear the windpipe of food or other objects. In this procedure quick upward thrusts are applied to the victims abdomen to eject the object blocking the windpipe. For victims of other types of asphyxiation, the most practical method of artificial respiration is the mouth-to-mouth technique in which the first-aid provider forcefully exhales air into the victims lungs after first clearing the airway of any obstruction. The provider tilts the victims head backward by placing one hand under the victims chin and lifting while the other hand presses down on the victims forehead. At this point, the mouth and airway can be checked for foreign objects, which can be removed with the fingers. In cases of drowning, artificial respiration should be attempted even if the victim appears dead. People submerged in cold water for more than 30 minutes who appeared blue have responded to first-aid efforts and recovered with no brain damage. The presence of blood over a considerable area of a persons body does not always indicate severe bleeding. The blood may ooze from multiple small wounds or be smeared, giving the appearance of more blood than is actually present. The rate at which blood is lost from a wound depends on the size and kind of blood vessel ruptured. Bright red, spurting blood indicates injury to an artery while welling or steadily flowing, dark red blood indicates injury to a vein. Welling or spurting blood is an unmistakable sign of severe bleeding. If a major artery ruptures, a person may bleed to death within a minute. Injuries to veins and minor arteries bleed more slowly but may also be fatal if left unattended. Shock usually results from loss of fluids, such as blood, and must be prevented as soon as the loss of blood has been stopped. A poisonous substance introduced into the body through the mouth or nose causes symptoms such as nausea, cramps, and vomiting. Poisons include toxic medications, herbicides, insecticides, rodenticides, household disinfectants, and noxious gases. In a case of poisoning, the first-aid provider should remove the victim from a toxic environment, then contact the poison control center listed in most  United States phone books. If the number is unavailable, the provider should call a physician or hospital emergency department. If possible, the provider should try to identify the poison, either by questioning the victim or searching for suspicious containers. Containers of many poisonous substances list the antidote, or remedy, on the label. Burns or stains on the skin or a characteristic odor on the breath may also help the first-aid provider recognize the poison. Unless instructed to do so by the poison control center, the first-aid provider should never give a poisoning victim anything to eat or drink. Vomiting should not be induced unless the poison control center recommends it. If the victim vomits, the first-aid provider should turn the individual on the side and clear the airway. Before clearing the victims mouth of any obstructions, however, the provider should first put on clean first-aid gloves or wrap a cloth around his or her fingers. If the person who ingested the poison is unconscious, the airway, breathing, and circulation should be checked and CPR started if necessary.

How Globalization and International Business Are Related

How Globalization and International Business Are Related Globalization with new value migration (more economically effective business design) has opens up more doors to opportunities. The literature review is broken into 5 parts: Firstly due to globalization, there will be restructuring in income resulting in more customer connections/segments restructure. With better segmenting capability and new business models, new opportunities can be ride on and unique requirements be met. Secondly, expansion of segment requires customization for each new market and effective management involves balancing between custom ratio and business design segment to get right combination of response rate/cost structure. Thirdly, increasing growth at base segment leads to entrepreneurs catering low-cost design, but eventually high profitability will attract them to premium segment. Premium players will counter attack by also catering new low cost business design. Organization must defend against market takeover which creates lead increased competition/risk. Four thly, redefining innovation is important to create high impact success activities. There must be balance in investment in innovation beyond product/processes that create values for investors/customers like alliance and global talent sourcing. Lastly, unique information chain that connects customer to innovation is important for organization to create proprietary information to gain head start by deploying its unique information/application system. To end off, there must be risk management system to respond to new waves of trend/risk. Rational for Selection Globalization is inevitable, ever-changing, shape competition and waits for no one. In this technology-fueled global environment, businesses must stay ahead these trends to remain competitive. I want to have better understanding of Globalization as it is the stepping stone for International Business by giving rise to international commercial transactions. Analysis and Viewpoints Positive Aspects of the Article: Slywotzky et al (2006) identifies the significance of having appropriate business models due to consumer pressure and income restructuring induced by globalization. I agree that when operating abroad, global competitive strategy must be adopted for different foreign conditions. Daniels et al (2011) support this and evaluates that organization must have different market responses in order to be global to compete, response to foreign opportunities and learn from each other. Hence, altering business models by investing on RD, source worldwide to work more efficiently in innovation/products is essential to meet the demand of global customers. Example: To gain global focus, two Brazilian firms alter business model and merge to form BRF-Brazil. Slywotzky et al (2006) also gave reason that globalization will drive organization to be innovative in creating its own proprietary information for success. Daniels et al (2011) and Davis et al (2007) concur by stati ng that foreign companies are the source for domestic companies to stay innovative and create own unique business models. Globalization provides the stepping stone for multinational transactions because of technology expansion, liberalization of cross-trade, increase demand in foreign product and opportunity for global cooperation. Example: Foreign firm will bring in new technology and better skilled workers. Also, increasing international competition will induce local firms to add skilled workers to handle new technology. This will help companies to explore innovative means of more efficient production which cut cost and increase production. Pursing international sales usually increase potential markets, helps acquire resources at lower cost, better/new products and additional operating knowledge to gain competitive advantage. These helps to build better global branding resulting in more profit due to higher exports demanded. Negative Aspects of the Article: Slywotzky et al (2006) comment that globalization has induced more effective low-cost business design, more customer connections and segments which organization can exploit. But I feel that this article fails to cover many negative pitfalls like social and environmental problems. Kumenit (2008) and Daniels et al (2011) argue that low cost strategy brings about negative effects and profit/income disproportionate. Recent shift in manufacturing job from US to China has help China to grow faster and reduced US real wage growth. We see that in USs garment industry, where it is cheaper to produce in China. This would mean a mass migration of work and many US citizens would be jobless. Globalization in this sense is good for organization as they can capitalize on cheaper labor, but bad for US citizens especially if they are lowly skilled. Those lowly skilled will be stuck in underground economy leading to political instability which undermine international t rade/investment. In developing countries, globalization/multinational investment leads to environmental degradation and generates pressure for cheaper labour to retain competitiveness. Hence, it erodes values of social justice and increase inequalities. Small enterprises in developing areas will face complexity in taking advantage of globalization and poverty persists. Global restructuring also dramatically affects rights of workers in developing countries. Example: Development of China as a world factory due to its cheap labour is causing worker suicides problem. Due to poor working condition/low salary, emotional health of Chinas migrant workers is on the down toll. Nine employee deaths at global electronics manufacturer Foxconn, Apples main supplier of iPhones revealed some harsh social aspects (The Straits Times, 2010). Conclusion In order to enjoy the full benefits of globalization, organization must have the right global business design, global operation strategy, global focus, customization, organizational structure, customer connection activities, innovation, proprietary information and risk management system in place. Though there are viewpoints on optimizing its benefits, the article failed to explore issues in relation to human rights, environmental matters, political instability and inequalities. These are common global concerns which have to be respected and since international business transactions have connection to these concerns, it is crucial for laws of international business transactions have to be in a position to promote guidelines to regulate global concerns which will in turn benefit businesses.

Richard Cory, by Edwin Arlington Robinson Essay -- Richard Cory Analysi

The narrator in â€Å"Richard Cory† by Edwin Arlington Robinson is a low class working citizen telling the reader, in detail, about a distinguished gentleman named Richard Cory who eventually â€Å"put a bullet through his head.† Almost everyone, including the narrator, would stare at him with awe every time they saw him. He was â€Å"imperially slim†(4), always charismatic and well-dressed. He was extremely courteous and polite. He would please everyone’s heart with a simple â€Å"Good Morning.† Then the narrator soon explains that on â€Å"one calm summer night† he executes himself by putting a gun to his head. When I first read the poem, I thought it told the story of a young man and his riches. After about my third or fourth reading, I realized this poem is revealing that no matter how suicidal one gets, he or she should know that his or her life is not at its worse. The first two lines of the poem are â€Å"Whenever Richard Cory went down town,/We people on the pavement looked at him.† After only reading those two lines and not knowing what the poem was about, I thought Richard Cory must be someone very special. When finishing the first stanza, I thought to myself, â€Å"Who is this man and why are they so star-strucked by him?† After reading it again, I found that maybe the â€Å"people on the pavement† worked for a low salary and rarely saw anybody that looked, dressed, and conducted themselves in a pleasing manner. The bystanders are probably questioning what a man with such taste and an aristocrat would ...

a scribes tale :: Free Essay Writer

A Scribes Tale Sometimes I wonder how I get myself into these situations. The last time I was almost sure my lifeless body would be lying on a burning pedestal, with the few friends I have staring on in sadness. I can stop wondering though – I asked to be here. It’s quiet right now, only the sound of the wolves in the distance and the chuckling laughter coming from the group as they drink themselves into numbness by the fire before they turn in for the night. I hope they plan to end soon – we are to wake early so that we may gain entry to the Keep by dawn.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They are an odd sort of adventurers. Their self appointed leader, Pheneis, is a legend in his own time. He is also the only reason I agreed to accompany this party as their scribe. He is an amazing, yet arrogant, fighter. I have heard many songs written by bards in his honor. I feel that I will be safer on this adventure than in the past, mainly because he agreed to help protect me (which he only agreed to if I give him due credit in my writings). There are five other members in this party. Each of them brings their own special flair. One is named Leon, a short, stocky little dwarf. Very handy with a battleaxe, but calling him rude would be an understatement. The second member is Galidar, a remarkable archer. He is a half-elf (his father was a human that fell in love with a beautiful elf from High Elm), and nobody seems to like him much, but they seem to respect his ability a great deal. Thirdly we have Maewyn; beautiful in her own rights, but I would never make her mad if I wanted to remain in this life. She is a talented mage with a short temper. Before leaving the town of Dandale I saw her turn an elf the deepest shade of purple simply because he made fun of her for doing tricks to entertain some of the town children. He felt this was a waste of her talents. Since dark elves are not allowed within the city, she felt the reactions that he received after her little color trick was plenty of entertainment for the children for about an hour until she finally dispelled her magic upon him. Now, none of these three are much heard of, but the forth is another story.

Essay --

I believe that each and every child is unique and special in their own way. No two children are the same, therefore their behavior will not be the same and the way they respond to guidance will not be the same. However, all children want and need to be treated with love and respect. How you treat at child from a very early age will create the foundations of their self-esteem and self-worth. Children need to know that they are cared about by their teachers and they also need to feel safe and secure when they are at their school. As an early educator, it is my responsibility to demonstrate the rules of the classroom and continue to enforce them. I believe that if children are aware of the rules and know the appropriate way to treat one another from the very beginning, you will have a positive classroom environment with minimal misbehaving. I strongly believe that a child should never, under any circumstance, encounter emotional, verbal, or physical abuse. They should, at all tim es, be treated with respect and kindness. I believe in positive guidance and discipline strategies, having a supportive physical environment that can guide children’s behavior, and learning about feelings, friends and that their teachers are supporting them. Positive discipline strategies begin with the adult’s behavior with good limit setting and clearly communicating those limits to the child. They also include teaching more appropriate behavior such as, giving clues for the new behavior, giving choices, and supporting children in their new behavior. Positive guidance and discipline also include changing something about a situation, and ignoring behavior when it is fitting. Setting limits with children can be difficult and time consuming. Doin... .... It is also very important to build a strong feeling vocabulary because emotions can be very hard to understand. As teachers all we want for our children is to be cared about, respected, and successful. Implementing the proper discipline strategies has a giant role in this. I cannot express enough how important it is to show your children respect and love while still showing them that there are rules and limits that they are to follow. How a child is treated at a young age affects them for the rest of their lives. As an early educator you are creating the foundations for that child’s future. Using positive behavior strategies will help that child excel in academics and everyday life. Disrespect and abuse are never the answer; there is always a positive and respectful way to handle any behavior situation. Children are little humans, they deserve your best!

Narrative Report Cwts

NARRATIVE REPORT Presented to The Faculty of School of Business University of Rizal System Pililla, Rizal In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the subject In NSTP-CWTS ANA KATRINA D. BELLIDO DCS 1-A March, 2013 APPROVAL SHEET This narrative in NSTP – CWTS prepared and submitted by Ms. Ana Katrina D. Bellido, in partial fulfillment of the requirements in NSTP-CWTS is hereby recommended for approval. MRS. MA. CECILIA L. SANTOS DateNSTP-CWTS Instructor URS Pililla CERTIFICATIONThis is to certify that all the activities and expectations required by the NSTP-CWTS program conducted at Sitio Pulong Hubo, Barangay Halayhayin Pililla, Rizal was undertaken by Ana Katrina D. Bellido. , Diploma in Computer Secretarial students of University of Rizal System Pililla, Rizal. Issued this day of March 2013 at Halayhayin Pililla, Rizal Barangay Hall. Barangay Captain ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to acknowledge the person who used to be our guide and believer of what we can do serving the community.It is now are privilege to thank those particular person’s who help us achieving the goals we’ve almost ——— ———— after everything that we had experience for the whole semester, where in our abilities and skills were really challenged, the cooperation, the initiatives of each members, the way we talk not only within the team but also to those higher and positioned names in the society and of course leaving big decisions every time we make new moves, each session we meet. Thanks to Mrs.Cecilia Santos, coordinator of NSTP-CWTS and NSTP-CWTS adviser, we thank you for giving us an inspiration to be a better server for the community and stronger every time we fail to succeed w/ our tasks and forgot our obligations in sometime. On behalf of my group mates, GROUP 3, we Thank You!!! Ana Katrina DEDICATION This report is lovingly dedicated to our  instructor,  Mrs. Cecilia Santos,  classmate,  friends, and f amily, for their continued support, encouragement, motivation, inspiration and understanding throughout the period of my studies.Without them, I wouldn’t have made it. Ana Katrina†¦ TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE PART I Title Page i Approval Sheet ii Certification iii Acknowledgement iv Dedication v Table of Contents vi Chapter IIntroduction IIBrief History IIINarration of Experience  ¦ Oplan Linis  ¦ Feeding Program IVAccomplishment VConclusion PART IIAPPENDICES Pictorials PART IIIPROFESIONAL READING CURRICULUM VITAE CHAPTER I Introduction INTRODUCTION * Republic Act (R. A. 9163 – also known as National Service Training Program (NSTP) Act of 2001 * Republic Act 9163 is an act establishing the National Service Training Program (NSTP) for tertiary level students, amending for the purpose Republic Act 7077 and Presidential Decree 1708 and for other purposes. * R. A. 9163 – enacted on January 23, 2002- date of approval and signature of President Gloria Macapagal-A rroyo. What is the guiding principle in establishing the NSTP? Section 2 of R. A. 9163 affirmed that it is the prime duty of the government to serve and protect its citizens.In turn, it shall be the responsibility of the citizens to defend the security of the state and in fulfillment thereof, the government may require each citizen to render personal, military or civil service. What are the goals of the State from among the youth in nation building? In recognizing the vital role of the youth in nation building, the state shall promote their civic-consciousness and develop their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual and social well-being. It shall inculcate in the youth patriotism and advance their involvement in public and civic affairs.What should the state do to pursue the fore cited goals? The youth shall be motivated, trained, organized and mobilized in military training, literacy, civic welfare and other similar endeavors in the service of the nation. What is the National Se rvice Training Program (NSTP) all about? It is a program aimed at enhancing civic consciousness and defense preparedness in the youth by developing the ethic of service and patriotism while undergoing training in any of its three (3) program components.What are the three (3) program components of NSTP? 1. Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) – is a program institutionalized under section 38 and 39 of RA 7077 designed to provide military training to tertiary-level students in order to motivate, train, organize and mobilize them for defense preparedness. 2. Literacy Training Service (LTS) – is a program designed to train students to become teachers of literacy and numeric skills to school children, out-of school youth and other segments of society in need of their services. . Civic Welfare Training Services (CWTS) – refer to the programs or activities contributory to the general and betterment of life for the members of the community or the enhancement of its fa cilities, especially those devoted to improving health, education, environment, entrepreneurship, safety, recreation and morals of the citizenry. Are there any institutions not covered by the NSTP?Philippine Military Academy (PMA), Philippine Merchant Marine Academy (PMMA), National Defense College of the Philippines (NDCP), Philippine Public Safety College (PPSC) and other schools similar stature, in view of the character of their institutions, shall not be covered by the NSTP. THE VISION To develop the youth as social entrepreneurs giving the community as value driven innovators to national piece. THE MISSION To promote and integrate value education transformation leadership and sustainable mobilization for the youth and family development community to national security and global solidarity.OBJECTIVES 1. To promote and protect the physical, mental, spiritual and social well being of the youth. 2. To inculcate patriotism and nationalism among the youth. 3. To encourage their invol vement in the public and civic affairs. CHAPTER II Brief History â€Å"BRIEF HISTORY OF BARANGAY HALAYHAYIN† Pililla is a great place to experience the true culture of a province. It has preserved some religious and non-religious tradition such as the Santa Cruzan or Florez de Mayo, wherein beautiful men and women walk all over town on their gowns.Town Fiesta during the month of July is being visited by people from the city to experience great celebrations especially the amateur shows at night. Like other towns, Pililla holds basketball league competitions for youth during summer. Pililla is also a favorite destination of road cyclist because of its asphalted road specifically in Sitio Bugarin in Barangay Halayhayin. Barangay Halayhayin is one of the nine Barangay in Pililla, Rizal and considers as a Barrio located in the heart of its municipality and insited in the Bay of Laguna Lake.Halayhayin was composed of two Sitio namely Bugarin and Pahang and its Poblacion (Malihim, K awayan Farm and Mahabang Sapa) with an estimated population of 6,400 as of 2008. The history of Barangay Halayhayin is no far from the history of Cainta, Rizal where the name Cainta came from the word (KA-INTA) meaning KA call of respect to the elder and INTA as name of the person who is being called by the boy asked by the Japanese (What is the name of this place.Sometimes in the history of Pililla Rizal a man considered as one of the Spanish Soldier came to ask a native of this place and ask what is this place called in their language, but the native twice think what the man is saying and finally came his understanding that the said man is asking for some food and he call his wife to prepare some foods in the Filipino language (HALA-HAIN) then the man who’s asking the name of the place assume that the place called HALAHAIN. After a couple of years HALAHAIN became HALAYHAYIN.Today Halayhayin celebrate its Fiesta in the 1st day of January honoring the patron of Santo Nino and eventually change as the patron of Mary Mother of God. According to the narrations handed down from generation, this Barangay was formerly called Bulawan, which means gold. The area is surrounded by rich mountains and lake that’s why the early residents were engaged in farming and fishing as their main source of income. Stories were told by the elders that when Spanish came in the place, it was lunch time.They dropped by the first house they saw the Spanish official asked the father of the family the name of the place. The father did not understand their language but he thought they were asking for some food so he told his wife, hala†¦. hain†¦. hain (meaning go and serve). The offiocer recorded it and called the place Halayhayin, which evolved and up to this time, the place are called HALAYHAYIN. Physical profile Composition and Location Halayhayin lies at the western side of Sierra Madre bounded on the north by Barangay Bagumbayan (2 kms. From Brgy.Hall to Municip al Hall, on the east of towns of Sta Maria and mabitac Laguna) 15 kms. from Brgy. Hall to Sitio Bugarin, on the west of Laguna de Bay 800 meters from Brgy. Hall to Laguna Lake and on the side of Brgy. Quisao 2 kms from Halayhayin Brgy. Hall to Quisao Brgy. Hall. It has 5 sitios namely Pahang, Malihim, Bugarin, Rambo, and Mahabang Sapa. CHAPTER III Narration of Experience â€Å"NARRATION OF EXPERIENCES† OPLAN LINIS†¦ FEEDING PROGRAM†¦ February 8, 2013, at Sitio Pulong Hubo, Halayhayin, Rizal, URSP NSTP students held an Outreach Program it was the feeding program for the malnourish child of the said Barangay.At 9:00 in the morning Mrs. Cecilia Santos the NSTP adviser of URSP students cheeked the attendance. Before 10 o’clock parlor game (with prize) hosted by the leader and members. At 10 o’ clock was the feeding program. And all URSP NSTP students feed the child they choose. After the feeding program, Barangay Pulong Hubo gave their message to thanks UR SP for helding our outreach to their barangay. With the warm support of our NSTP adviser, the first outreach program successfully done at exactly 11:00 am. CHAPTER IV Accomplishment WORK ACCOMPLISHMENT† The activities stated below were the activities done and accomplished successfully by group. ACTIVITIES| DATES| PLACE| Oplan Linis| January 2013| Pililla, Rizal| Feeding Program| February 2013| Sitio Pulong Hubo Brgy. Halayhayin Pililla, Rizal| CHAPTER V Conclusion â€Å"CONCLUSION† The overall impact of the activity is linked to develop and promote the core URIAN values. In order to up press and kindle the spirit of the true URIAN community upholding the values of Unity, Religiosity, Integrity, Altruism and Nationalism. UNITY.We have united as a class in extending service to the chosen community. We learned to trust, work as a team and build a strong foundation to realize projects for the betterment of the society. We have created strong bond during presentations and gr oup activities. RELIGIOSITY. We have fulfilled our moral obligations extending a helping hand to communities putting God first in every actions and activities we are tasked to enable inside and outside the school premise. INTEGRITY. We have performed different tasks with conviction not only because of superficial reasons.The activities became a living proof of every individual’s capabilities to do better, a prize and trophy for oneself and everyone. ALTRUISM. We have poured commitment and hard work in providing genuine services for the less fortunate in the name of community involvement. NATIONALISM. We have paid tribute and gave honor to our countrymen when we have represented the Filipino people with loyalty and respect in rendering services. PART II Appendices  ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¦ â€Å"PICT ORIAL† Feeding Program Checking of Attendance The Pulong Hubo Selected Children Feeding the selected children of Pulong Hubo

P3 Equality, Diversity and Sociological Perspectives

UNITE 2: EQUALITY, DIVERSITY AND SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES P3 In this task, discrimination will be defined, levels of discrimination and its clear knowledge and understanding of the consequences. The potential effects of discrimination on service users in Dungrowin House will be described. These discriminatory practices on service users’ motivation, self-esteem, behaviour and opportunities will be looked at. Discrimination could be define as single out a particular person or group for worse or better treatment than others, according to Penguin Group dictionary (2004).It is against the law to discriminate service users in Health and Social care. According to Stretch and Whitehouse (2010), discrimination is when one person treats another person or group unfairly, by not giving them equal treatment based on their prejudice. There are other ways in which service users can be discriminated against. These could be age, class, culture, gender, health status, race, religion and sexual ity. Discrimination can occur in all this forms. In Dungrowin house, both the practising Jew and HIV positive service users are being discriminated against. Similar essay: Equality and DiversityThe service users suffer discrimination based on their culture and health status. Most of the nursing staffs in Dungrowin house may not be comfortable with the practising Jew or the HIV positive service users and may discriminate against them. There are three levels of discrimination that service users have suffered in Dungrowin house. They are individual level, institutional level and cultural level. These discriminatory practices have potential effects on the service users in Dungrowin house. Individual level discrimination: This happens where a person is single out and treated differently, negatively.This may include violence, insults and exclusions. In Dungrowin house, service users may suffer this level of discrimination especially the practicing Jew and HIV positive service users. The practicing Jew may be excluded from service users’ activities, will not be given his/her kosher meal, will not be given the chance to practice his /her faith and many more. For the HIV positive service user the attitudes of the nursing staffs will be negative, will insult him/her for contracting the disease and no one may be willing to get into contact with him/her.Institutional level discrimination: This happens where organisation or institution systems and practices exclude certain groups or persons from accessing its resources. In Dungrowin, there is that level of discrimination. This is because it is a residential care home for the elderly. This means if you are not elderly you cannot be treated. They discriminate against age. Cultural level discrimination: This happens when people absorb the values, beliefs and ideas deeply that they do not challenge negative stereotypes or behaviours. They tend to accept the discrimination to normal or okay.In Dungrowin house, the practicing Jew and HIV positive service users will just accept the discriminatory practices to be normal. This could be the fact that they have complained about the nursing staffs bad practices or abuse and nothing have been done by management. Service users will just have to accept what they go through at the hands of the nursing staffs. According Rasheed, Hetherington and Irvine (2010), there are two types’ discriminatory practices. They are direct (overt) and indirect (covert). Direct discrimination is usually quite clear, obvious and straight to the abuser.For example, in Dungrowin house nursing staffs will tell the HIV positive service user it is his/her fault that he/she finds him/her self in that situation (verbal abuse). The practicing Jew will be told he/she is having what everybody is eating. Indirect discrimination is difficult to prove, it may occur when people seem as though they are being treated alike. This got to do with bad attitudes and body languages. For example, in Dungrowin house the HIV service user will always be treated with gloves and the nursing staffs will be avoiding im/her (non-verbal communication). With t he practicing Jew, he/she will be excluded from service users’ activities without notice. All of these discriminatory practices have potential effects on service users’ motivation, self-esteem, behaviour and opportunities. Discriminating against service users does not motivation and self-esteem. It will discourage them from recovering from their illness. In the case of the HIV positive and practicing Jew service users, since they are discriminated against in Dungrowin house they have low or no motivation and self-esteem.No one wants to come close to them, use abusive language at them and are denied their privileges in Health and Social care. This discrimination against them will affect service users behaviour. In the case of HIV positive and practicing Jew, they may threaten to commit suicide or self harm. They may be angry with themselves as to why this is happening to them. Since service users are discriminated against their opportunities are limited. The HIV positiv e and practicing Jew service users are denied of their rights and abuse in all situations.They have no choice of how they are suppose to be treated. Discrimination was defined to be singling out a particular person or group for worse or better treatment than others. People or person can be discriminated against for being different. This could be in terms of their age, class, culture, gender, health status, race, religion and sexuality. There are three levels of discrimination. Which are individual level, institutional level and cultural level. There are also two types of discrimination, direct (overt) and indirect (covert).Discrimination has potential effects on service users and should be discouraged at all levels not just in Health and Social care. Nursing staffs should follow the care value base, policies and legislation provided by their association, agencies and the government. It is against the law to discriminate against service users. BIBLIOGRAPHY ? Strech B, Whitehouse M (2 010). Health and Social. Essex: Edexcel. ? Penguin Group (2004). Pocket English Dictionary. London: Penguin Books ? Rasheed E, Hetherington Alison and Irvine J. (2010). Health and Social Care. London: Edexcel.